Embedded Files
Foreword_ 10_1.wavForeword:
Welcome to today's lesson on the Past Perfect with adverbial clauses of time! In this lesson, we will explore how to express actions that happened in the past before another past event using the Past Perfect tense. We will specifically focus on examples related to a ship's motorman, helping you to understand and apply this grammar concept in a practical context. Through engaging exercises and discussions, we aim to strengthen your understanding and usage of the Past Perfect with adverbial clauses of time. So, let's set sail and dive into the fascinating world of the Past Perfect!
Before we begin, I want to let you know that we will be using our classroom monitor screen for this lesson. I will be displaying presentations, examples, and exercises on the screen to help us understand and practice the material. Make sure to pay attention to the screen throughout the lesson.
PART 1. Clause: Past Perfect With Adverbial Clauses of Time.
PART 1. Clause: Past Perfect With Adverbial Clauses of Time.
Lesson plan.
Title: Past Perfect with Adverbial Clauses of Time
Level: B1-B1+ Category: Future Ship's Motormen in Ukraine
Duration: 15 minutes
Objectives:
Introduce the Past Perfect tense with adverbial clauses of time.
Reinforce the understanding through multiple-choice questions related to a ship's motorman.
Materials:
Chalk board; Classroom display
Chalk; Notebook
Workbooks, handout with exercises (prepared in advance)
Website.
Procedure:
PART 1: Past Perfect with Adverbial Clauses of Time
Exercise 1: Warm-up (3 minutes)
Engage students by asking them to think about a time when they completed a task before a specific event.
Invite a few students to share their experiences with the class.
Briefly discuss the concept of sequencing events using adverbial clauses of time.
Introduction to the Past Perfect (5 minutes)
Explain the usage and formation of the Past Perfect tense.
Provide clear examples related to the experiences of a ship's motorman.
Emphasize the chronological order of events and the use of adverbial clauses of time.
Exercise 2: Reinforcement - Multiple-choice questions (5 minutes)
Web-page with the multiple-choice questions related to the Past Perfect with adverbial clauses of time.
Instruct students to choose the correct option for each question.
Review the answers together as a class, discussing the correct choices and providing explanations.
Adverbial Clauses of Time with examples related to a ship's motorman (2 minutes)
Provide a few additional examples of adverbial clauses of time related to a ship's motorman.
Encourage students to come up with their own sentences using adverbial clauses of time and the Past Perfect tense.
Exercise 3: Assessment - Multiple-choice questions (5 minutes)
Web-page with another set of multiple-choice questions related to the Past Perfect with adverbial clauses of time and examples related to a ship's motorman.
Instruct students to choose the correct option for each question.
Collect the handouts and quickly assess students' understanding of the topic.
Conclusion (1 minute)
Recap the key points discussed during the lesson.
Address any remaining questions or concerns.
Provide further resources or exercises for independent practice, if available.
Hometask: Ask the students to complete the exercise individually at home.
YouTube captions:
Title: Mastering the Past Perfect: Adverbial Clauses of Time for Ship's Motormen | English Grammar Lesson
Description: Welcome aboard, ship's motormen! In this exciting English grammar lesson, we will delve into the world of the Past Perfect with adverbial clauses of time. Join us as we explore how to express actions that occurred before another past event using this powerful tense. Throughout the lesson, we'll use real-life examples and scenarios related to a ship's motorman to make the learning experience practical and engaging.
Key Topics Covered:
Introduction to the Past Perfect tense
Adverbial clauses of time in the context of a ship's motorman
Understanding chronological order of events
Forming sentences using the Past Perfect with adverbial clauses of time
Reinforcement through interactive exercises and multiple-choice questions
Whether you're a seasoned motorman or a language enthusiast with a passion for maritime topics, this lesson is perfect for English learners at the B1-B1+ level. By the end of the video, you'll have a solid grasp of the Past Perfect tense and be able to express complex temporal relationships in your English communication.
Keywords: English grammar lesson, Past Perfect tense, adverbial clauses of time, ship's motorman, maritime vocabulary, B1-B1+ level, English language learning, chronological order, interactive exercises, multiple-choice questions, practical examples, language fluency, language proficiency, language education, ESL, EFL, English learning resources
Podcast Description: Welcome aboard the English Grammar Lesson hosted by Oleksiy Fesenko titled "Mastering the Past Perfect: Adverbial Clauses of Time for Ship's Motormen." In this exciting lesson, we dive into the world of the Past Perfect tense and explore how to express actions that occurred before another past event using this powerful grammatical structure. Through real-life examples and scenarios related to a ship's motorman, we make the learning experience practical and engaging. Join us as we cover the introduction to the Past Perfect tense, adverbial clauses of time in the context of a ship's motorman, understanding chronological order of events, forming sentences using the Past Perfect with adverbial clauses of time, and reinforcing the concepts through interactive exercises and multiple-choice questions. Whether you're a seasoned motorman or a language enthusiast with a passion for maritime topics, this lesson is perfect for English learners at the B1-B1+ level. By the end of the video, you'll have a solid grasp of the Past Perfect tense and be able to express complex temporal relationships in your English communication.
10_1_1.wavExercise 1: Warm up.
Exercise 1: Warm up.
Duration - 3 minutes.
Listen carefully to the pronunciation and meaning of the 10 vocabulary expressions provided below.
Pay attention to the past perfect expressions that match the vocabulary expressions you heard in the first list.
tonnage [ˈtʌnɪdʒ] (тонаж судна)
weight [weɪt] (вага)
size [saɪz] (розмір)
capacity [kəˈpæsɪti] (вмістимість)
displacement [dɪsˈpleɪsmənt] (водотонажність)
gross tonnage [ɡroʊs ˈtʌnɪdʒ] (валовий тонаж)
deadweight tonnage [dɛdweɪt ˈtʌnɪdʒ] (дедвейт тонаж)
net tonnage [nɛt ˈtʌnɪdʒ] (чистий / нет тонаж)
cargo spaces [ˈkɑːɡəʊ ˈspeɪsɪz] (вантажні приміщення)
enclosed spaces of the ship [ɪnˈkləʊzd] (закриті приміщення судна)
had significantly increased - значно зрости
had been carefully calculated - бути ретельно підрахованим
had grown over the years - зрости з роками
had been checked - бути перевіреним
had been precisely measured - бути ретельно виміряним
had exceeded - перевищити
had been reduced - бути зменшиним
had been accurately calculated - ретельно розрахований
had been inspected - проінспектований
had been properly ventilated - належним чином провентильований
Answers
tonnage [ˈtʌnɪdʒ] - had significantly increased, had grown over the years, had exceeded
weight [weɪt] - had been carefully calculated, had been precisely measured, had been accurately calculated
size [saɪz] - had been checked, had been inspected
capacity [kəˈpæsɪti] - had been reduced
displacement [dɪsˈpleɪsmənt] - had been carefully calculated
gross tonnage [ɡroʊs ˈtʌnɪdʒ] - had significantly increased
deadweight tonnage [dɛdweɪt ˈtʌnɪdʒ] - had exceeded
net tonnage [nɛt ˈtʌnɪdʒ] - had been carefully calculated
cargo spaces [ˈkɑːɡəʊ ˈspeɪsɪz] - had been checked, had been inspected
enclosed spaces of the ship [ɪnˈkləʊzd] - had been properly ventilated
Here is a poetry with the grammatical structure and some of the keywords that you can find above:
10_1poetry.wavWe are the ship's motormen
We know the tonnage and the weight
We know the size and the capacity
We know the displacement and the gross tonnage
Before we sailed across the sea
We had checked the deadweight tonnage
We had measured the net tonnage
We had calculated the cargo spaces
While we were on board the ship
We had inspected the enclosed spaces of the ship
We had ventilated the engine room and the cabins
We had exceeded our expectations and our limits
After we had returned to our home port
We had reduced our fuel consumption and our emissions
We had grown over the years in our skills and our knowledge
We had been proud of our profession and our contribution
Now, let me take the second stanza as an example:
Before we sailed across the sea
We had checked the deadweight tonnage
We had measured the net tonnage
We had calculated the cargo spaces
In this stanza, there are three past perfect clauses and one adverbial clause of time. The main verb in each sentence is “had”, which is followed by a past participle, such as “checked”, “measured” or “calculated”. These verbs form the past perfect tense, which describes an action that was completed before another action or time in the past. The adverbial clause of time is “before we sailed across the sea”, which modifies the main clause by telling when the past perfect actions happened. The sentences describe what the ship’s motormen did before they started their journey.
I hope this helps you understand how to use “Clause: Past Perfect With Adverbial Clauses of Time.” in poetry.
Try to determine which words from the first list are missing in the sentences and fill in the gaps to complete them. Please, find the sentences with the adverbial clauses of time.
The ship's [...] (тонаж судна) had significantly increased after the cargo was loaded.
Answer: The ship's tonnage [ˈtʌnɪdʒ] (тонаж судна) had significantly increased after the cargo was loaded.
Explanation: In the given sentence, "tonnage" refers to the weight or capacity of a ship. The phrase "Past Perfect with adverbial clauses of time" indicates that the ship's tonnage had significantly increased before the cargo was loaded.
By the time we arrived at the port, the [...] (вага) of the cargo had been carefully calculated.
Answer: By the time we arrived at the port, the weight [weɪt] (вага) of the cargo had been carefully calculated.
Explanation: In the given sentence, "weight" refers to the measurement of how heavy something is. The phrase "Past Perfect with adverbial clauses of time" indicates that the calculation of the cargo's weight had been done carefully before we arrived at the port.
The [...] (розмір) of the ship had grown over the years to accommodate more passengers.
Answer: The size [saɪz] (розмір) of the ship had grown over the years to accommodate more passengers.
Explanation: In the given sentence, "size" refers to the dimensions or capacity of the ship. The use of "Past Perfect with adverbial clauses of time" indicates that the ship had increased in size over the years to accommodate more passengers.
Before departure, the [...] (вмістимість) of the fuel tanks had been checked and filled to maximum capacity.
Answer: Before departure, the capacity [kəˈpæsɪti] (вмістимість) of the fuel tanks had been checked and filled to maximum capacity.
Explanation: In the given sentence, "capacity" refers to the maximum amount or volume that something can hold. The use of "Past Perfect with adverbial clauses of time" indicates that the fuel tanks had been checked and filled to their maximum capacity before departure.
The [...] (водотонажність) of the vessel had been precisely measured to ensure stability.
Answer: The displacement [dɪsˈpleɪsmənt] (водотонажність) of the vessel had been precisely measured to ensure stability.
Explanation: In the given sentence, "displacement" refers to the weight of the vessel, including the water it displaces.
In the sentence "The displacement of the vessel had been precisely measured to ensure stability," the Past Perfect tense is used to indicate an action that occurred before another past action or state. The displacement of the vessel was precisely measured (action in the past) prior to a specific point or event (not mentioned in the sentence) to ensure stability (purpose or intended outcome).
By using the Past Perfect tense, the sentence conveys that the measurement of displacement took place before a certain moment or event in the past, emphasizing the chronological order of actions and indicating that the measurement was completed prior to the stability being ensured.
The [...] (валовий тонаж) of the ship had exceeded expectations due to recent modifications.
Answer: The gross tonnage [ɡroʊs ˈtʌnɪdʒ] (валова вантажопідйомність) of the ship had exceeded expectations due to recent modifications.
Explanation: In the given sentence, "gross tonnage" refers to the total internal volume of a ship, including all enclosed spaces.
In the sentence "The gross tonnage of the ship had exceeded expectations due to recent modifications," the Past Perfect tense is used to indicate an action or state that occurred before another past action or state. The gross tonnage of the ship exceeded expectations (action/state in the past) as a result of recent modifications (cause or reason).
By using the Past Perfect tense, the sentence suggests that the ship's gross tonnage surpassed expectations before a specific point or event (not mentioned in the sentence). It highlights the chronological order of events, indicating that the modifications had already taken place and resulted in the exceeding of expectations.
The [...] (дедвейт тонаж) had been reduced by offloading unnecessary cargo.
Answer: The deadweight tonnage [dɛdweɪt ˈtʌnɪdʒ] (дедвейт) had been reduced by offloading unnecessary cargo.
Explanation: The phrase "deadweight tonnage" refers to the maximum weight a ship can carry, including cargo, fuel, and supplies. The use of "Past Perfect with adverbial clauses of time" indicates that the deadweight tonnage had been decreased as a result of unloading unnecessary cargo before a specific past point or event.
The [...] (нетто вантажопідйомність) of the ship had been accurately calculated for taxation purposes.
Answer: The net tonnage [nɛt ˈtʌnɪdʒ] (чистий / нет тонаж) of the ship had been accurately calculated for taxation purposes.
Explanation: The term "net tonnage" refers to the measurement of a ship's total internal volume, excluding certain spaces. The use of "Past Perfect with adverbial clauses of time" suggests that the net tonnage had been precisely determined for tax purposes before a specific past point or event.
All [...] (вантажні простори) had been inspected and secured before the journey commenced.
Answer: All cargo spaces (вантажні простори) had been inspected and secured before the journey commenced.
Explanation: Could you please compress this explanation to two sentences only. I need an explanation of "cargo spaces" and Past Perfect With Adverbial Clauses of Time in: "All cargo spaces (вантажні простори) had been inspected and secured before the journey commenced."
The [...] of the ship (чистий / нет тонаж) had been properly ventilated to ensure crew safety.
Answer: The enclosed spaces of the ship (закриті приміщення судна) had been properly ventilated to ensure crew safety.
Explanation: The "enclosed spaces of the ship" refer to the interior compartments that are sealed off from the external environment. The use of "Past Perfect with adverbial clauses of time" indicates that the proper ventilation of these enclosed spaces had been carried out before a specific past point or event to ensure the safety of the crew.
Introduction to the Past Perfect:
Introduction to the Past Perfect:
Duration - 5 minutes.
10_1_2.wavToday, we're going to explore an important verb tense called the Past Perfect. This tense is particularly useful when discussing events that happened in the past, especially when there is a need to establish a clear sequence of actions. To help us understand this better, let's look at some examples related to the experiences of ship's motormen.
Imagine you're a motorman on a ship. You have an interesting experience to share. For example, you can say, "I had already fixed the engine issue before the captain arrived."
Now, let's consider another situation. Picture yourself on board a ship. You can say, "By the time we finished the repairs, the crew had already prepared the cargo spaces."
Here's another example. Imagine you're a motorman who encountered a technical problem. You can say, "The ship had already experienced a power outage before we fixed the electrical system."
These examples demonstrate how the Past Perfect tense helps us establish the sequence of events. It shows that one action occurred before another action in the past. In our examples, the actions of fixing the engine issue, preparing the cargo spaces, and fixing the electrical system all happened before another event or point in the past.
Remember, the Past Perfect is formed by using "had" followed by the past participle of the verb. It helps us express the idea that something had happened before another past event.
Now that we have a better understanding of the Past Perfect, let's move on to practicing its usage with adverbial clauses of time. We'll explore how we can combine the Past Perfect tense with expressions such as "before," "after," "when," and "as soon as" to talk about the order of events.
Сьогодні ми збираємося розглянути важливий час дієслова який називається Past Perfect. Даний час особливо корисний для обговоренні подій, які відбулися в минулому, особливо коли є потреба встановити чітку послідовність дій. Щоб стало зрозумілішим, давайте розглянемо кілька прикладів, пов’язаних із досвідом мотористів.
Уявіть, що ви моторист на кораблі. І маєте новину, про яку хотіли-б розповісти. Наприклад, ви можете сказати: «Я вже вирішив проблему з двигуном до прибуття капітана».
Тепер розглянемо іншу ситуацію. Уявіть себе на борту корабля. Ви можете сказати: «Коли ми закінчили ремонт, бригадою вже були підготовлені вантажні місця».
Ось інший приклад. Уявіть, що ви моторист, який зіткнувся з технічною проблемою. Ви можете сказати: «На кораблі сталося відключення електроенергії ще до того, як ми полагодили електричну систему».
Ці приклади демонструють, як час Past Perfect допомагає нам встановити послідовність подій. Він показує, що одна дія відбулася раніше іншої дії в минулому. У наших прикладах це дії щодо усунення проблеми з двигуном, підготовки вантажних відділень і ремонту електричної системи відбувалися до іншої події чи моменту часу в минулому.
Пам’ятайте, Past Perfect утворюється за допомогою допоміжного дієслова «had», за яким слідує дієприкметник минулого часу. Ця форма допомагає нам висловити думку про те, що щось відбулося до іншої минулої події.
Тепер, коли ми краще розуміємо Past Perfect, давайте перейдемо до практики його використання в прислівникових підрядних реченнях часу. Ми з’ясуємо, як ми можемо поєднати час Past Perfect із такими виразами, як «до», «після», «коли» та «як тільки», щоб повідомити про порядок подій.
Exercise 2: Here are 10 multiple-choice questions to reinforce the grammar topic of Past Perfect with adverbial clauses of time:
Exercise 2: Here are 10 multiple-choice questions to reinforce the grammar topic of Past Perfect with adverbial clauses of time:
The ship's mtormen ________engine before the crew set sail.
a) was fixed
b) fixed
c) had fixed
d) fixes
Answer: c) had fixed
The ship's mtormen had fixed engine before the crew set sail.
Explanation: The use of "Past Perfect with adverbial clauses of time" indicates that the ship's motormen had already fixed the engine before the crew embarked on the journey.
By the time the storm hit, the crew __________ already taken shelter.
a) took
b) had
c) takes
d) take
Answer: b) had
By the time the storm hit, the crew had already taken shelter.
Explanation: The "Past Perfect with adverbial clauses of time" is used to indicate that the crew had taken shelter before the storm occurred.
The motorman __________ his duties before the shift change.
a) completes
b) had completed
c) completing
d) complete
Answer: b) had completed
The motorman had completed his duties before the shift change.
Explanation: The "Past Perfect with adverbial clauses of time" is used to show that the motorman had finished his duties prior to the shift change.
The repairs __________ started when the captain arrived.
a) start
b) started
c) had
d) starts
Answer: c) had
The repairs had started when the captain arrived.
Explanation: The "Past Perfect with adverbial clauses of time" indicates that the repairs had already begun before the captain's arrival.
The motorman __________ cargo before the rough weather hit.
a) secure
b) securing
c) secured
d) had secured
Answer: c) had secured
The motorman had secured cargo before the rough weather hit.
Explanation: The "Past Perfect with adverbial clauses of time" suggests that the motorman had already secured the cargo prior to the occurrence of rough weather.
The motorman __________ checked the fuel levels before departing.
a) checks
b) checked
c) had checked
d) checking
Answer: c) had checked
The motorman had checked checked the fuel levels before departing.
Explanation: The "Past Perfect with adverbial clauses of time" indicates that the motorman had already checked the fuel levels before the departure took place.
By the time they reached the port, the crew __________ already unloaded the cargo.
a) unload
b) unloads
c) had
d) unloaded
Answer: c) had
By the time they reached the port, the crew had already unloaded the cargo.
Explanation: "By the time of reaching the port, the crew had already completed the unloading of the cargo."
The motorman __________ equipment properly before it malfunctioned.
a) maintain
b) maintaining
c) maintained
d) had maintained
Answer: d) had maintained
The motorman had maintained equipment properly before it malfunctioned.
Explanation: Could you please compress this explanation to two sentences only. I need an explanation of Past Perfect With Adverbial Clauses of Time in: "The motorman had maintained equipment properly before it malfunctioned."
The motorman __________ the engine room before the voyage began.
a) inspect
b) inspecting
c) inspected
d) had inspected
Answer: d) had inspected
The motorman had inspected the engine room before the voyage began.
Explanation: "Before the voyage began, the motorman had already inspected the engine room."
The crew __________ supplies before the crew set sail.
a) stock
b) stocks
c) stocked
d) had stocked
Answer: d) had stocked
The crew had stocked supplies before the crew set sail.
Explanation: "Before setting sail, the crew had already stocked supplies."
Adverbial Clauses of Time with examples related to a ship's motorman:
Adverbial Clauses of Time with examples related to a ship's motorman:
Today, we're going to explore an important aspect of grammar called Adverbial Clauses of Time. Adverbial clauses of time help us express when an action takes place in relation to another action or event. This is particularly crucial for ship's motormen, as they need to understand and communicate the sequence of events on board. Let's dive into it with some examples related to the experiences of a ship's motorman.
Imagine you're a motorman on a ship. You have an interesting experience to share. For instance, you can say, "After I had secured the cargo, the storm hit."
Now, let's consider another situation. Picture yourself on board a ship. You can say, "Before I inspected the engine room, the captain arrived."
Сьогодні ми розглянемо іще один важливий аспект граматики під назвою «Прислівникові підрядні часу». Прислівникові підрядні часу допомагають нам сповіщати, коли одна дія передує іншій тій що відбулася. Це особливо важливо для суднових мотористів, оскільки вони повинні розуміти та передавати послідовність подій які відбулися на борту. Давайте розглянемо це на прикладах, пов’язаних із роботою моториста судна.
Уявіть, що ви моторист на кораблі. І вам є що скзати. Наприклад, ви говорите так: «Після того, як я закріпив вантаж, почався шторм».
А ось інша ситуація. Уявіть себе знову на борту судна. Можна сказати: «Перед тим, як я оглянув машинне відділення, прибув капітан».
TO BE NOTED: In the sentence "Before I inspected the engine room, the captain arrived," the past perfect tense is not necessary because the chronological order of events is already clear without it. The past perfect is typically used to indicate that one past event happened before another past event.
However, in this sentence, the word "before" already establishes the temporal relationship between the speaker inspecting the engine room and the captain's arrival. The use of the past perfect would add emphasis to the sequencing of events, but it is not required for clarity or grammatical correctness in this case.
3. Here's another example. Imagine you're a motorman who encountered a technical issue. You can say, "As soon as we had fixed the engine, the ship departed."
These examples demonstrate how adverbial clauses of time help us establish the relationship between actions and events. In our examples, the adverbial clauses "After I had secured the cargo," "Before I inspected the engine room," and "As soon as we had fixed the engine" provide information about the timing or sequence of events.
Adverbial clauses of time often begin with words or phrases like "after," "before," "when," or "as soon as." They help us understand the order in which actions occurred.
Now, let's practice forming sentences with adverbial clauses of time using the past perfect tense and the expressions we just discussed. It will help reinforce our understanding of how these clauses work.
3. Іще один приклад. Уявіть, що ви моторист, який зіткнувся з технічною проблемою. Ви можете сказати: «Як тільки ми відремонтували двигун, корабель відплив».
Ці приклади демонструють, як прислівникові підрядні часу допомагають нам встановити зв’язок між діями які відбулися. У наших прикладах прислівникові підрядні речення «Після того, як я закріпив вантаж», «Перед тим, як я оглянув машинне відділення» та «Як тільки ми відремонтували двигун», надають інформацію про час або послідовність подій.
Прислівникові підрядні часу часто починаються такими словами чи фразами, як «після», «до», «коли» або «як тільки». Вони допомагають нам зрозуміти порядок, у якому відбувалися дії.
А тепер давайте потренуємося складати речення з прислівниковими підрядними часу, використовуючи минулий досконалий час і вирази, які ми щойно обговорили. Це допоможе покращити розуміння функції цих підрядних.
Exercise 3: Here are 10 multiple-choice questions to test the understanding of Past Perfect with adverbial clauses of time using examples related to a ship's motorman:
Exercise 3: Here are 10 multiple-choice questions to test the understanding of Past Perfect with adverbial clauses of time using examples related to a ship's motorman:
After the motorman __________ the repairs, the captain arrived.
a) completed
b) completes
c) had completed
d) completing
Answer: c) had completed
After the motorman had completed the repairs, the captain arrived.
Explanation: The captain arrived after the motorman had finished the repairs, indicating a sequence of events in the past with the past perfect highlighting the completion of the repairs before the captain's arrival.
Before the storm hit, the crew __________ already taken shelter.
a) took
b) had
c) takes
d) take
Answer: b) had
Before the storm hit, the crew had already taken shelter.
Explanation: The crew had already taken shelter before the storm hit, illustrating an action completed before another past event, with the past perfect emphasizing the sheltering that occurred prior to the storm's arrival.
The motorman __________ the issue before notifying the captain.
a) fixed
b) fixes
c) had fixed
d) fixing
Answer: c) had fixed
The motorman had fixed the issue before notifying the captain.
Explanation: The motorman had fixed the issue before notifying the captain, indicating that the action of fixing the issue occurred prior to the action of notifying the captain, with the past perfect highlighting the completion of the fixing before the notification.
By the time the motorman inspected the engine, the crew __________ the cargo.
a) secured
b) securing
c) had secured
d) secures
Answer: c) had secured
By the time the motorman inspected the engine, the crew had secured the cargo.
Explanation: Could you please provide the 2 sentences teacher's compressed explanation of Past Perfect With Adverbial Clauses of Time in: "By the time the motorman inspected the engine, the crew had secured the cargo."
After the captain gave the order, the motorman __________ the engine.
a) starts
b) started
c) had started
d) starting
Answer: b) started
After the captain gave the order, the motorman started the engine.
Explanation: After receiving the captain's order, the motorman initiated the engine, highlighting the chronological order of events without the need for past perfect tense.
Before the voyage began, the crew __________ the supplies.
a) stocks
b) stocked
c) stocking
d) had stocked
Answer: d) had stocked
Before the voyage began, the crew had stocked the supplies.
Explanation: Before the voyage began, the crew had already completed the task of stocking the supplies, indicating that they had taken care of this responsibility prior to the start of the journey.
When the motorman fixed the electrical system, the ship __________.
a) departs
b) departed
c) had departed
d) departing
Answer: c) had departed
When the motorman fixed the electrical system, the ship had departed.
Explanation: The past perfect with adverbial clauses of time is used to express an action that occurred before another past event. In this sentence we see that the action of fixing the electrical system happened before the ship's departure. This usage helps to establish the chronological order of events.
After the storm subsided, the motorman __________ the damage.
a) assess
b) assessing
c) assessed
d) had assessed
Answer: c) assessed
"After the storm subsided, the motorman assessed the damage"
Explanation: This sentence uses the correct structure of an adverbial clause of time ("After the storm subsided") followed by the main clause ("the motorman assessed the damage"). The sentence effectively communicates that the assessment of the damage occurred after the storm had subsided. Well done!
Before the motorman checked the fuel levels, the crew __________ the supplies.
a) stocks
b) stocked
c) stocking
d) had stocked
Answer: b) stocked / had stocked
Before the motorman checked the fuel levels, the crew stocked / had stocked the supplies.
Explanation: Before the motorman checked the fuel levels, the crew had stocked the supplies. The use of "stocked" indicates that the crew completed the action of stocking the supplies before the motorman's fuel level check, while "had stocked" emphasizes the completion of the action prior to the specified time.
After the repairs were completed, the motorman __________ the engine room.
a) inspects
b) inspecting
c) inspected
d) had inspected
Answer: c) inspected
After the repairs were completed, the motorman inspected the engine room.
Explanation: After the repairs were completed, the motorman inspected the engine room. The use of the past perfect is not necessary in this sentence since the chronological order of events is clear without it.
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Congratulations on completing today's lesson on the Past Perfect with adverbial clauses of time! You have gained valuable insights into using the Past Perfect tense to describe events that happened before another past event. By exploring examples related to a ship's motorman, you have not only improved your grammar skills but also expanded your vocabulary in the maritime domain. Keep practicing the Past Perfect with adverbial clauses of time to reinforce your understanding and fluency. Remember, mastering this grammar concept will enhance your ability to express precise sequences of actions in English. Well done, and keep up the great work on your language learning journey!
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