YourPODCASTS - 9 Preposition 2

By the end of the lesson, future ship's motormen will be able to understand and correctly use prepositions in time phrases to describe temporal relationships in English, enhancing their communication skills in the maritime context.

Foreword (1 minute)
- Briefly introduce the topic of prepositions in time phrases and its relevance in language usage.
- Highlight the importance of understanding and using prepositions correctly for effective communication.
Warm-up (3 minutes)
- Engage students with a thought-provoking question or a short discussion related to time and events.
- Encourage students to share their experiences or thoughts on how prepositions play a role in describing time relationships.
Activity 1: Introduction and Definition (5 minutes)
- Provide a clear and concise explanation of prepositions in time phrases.
- Define prepositions and their role in indicating relationships between events or actions in terms of time.
- Give examples of common prepositions used in time phrases, such as "before," "for," "since," "till/until," and "by."
- Clarify any questions or doubts that students may have.
Activity 2: Examples and Practice (8 minutes)
- Present a series of examples to illustrate the usage of prepositions in time phrases.
- Discuss various scenarios and ask students to identify the appropriate prepositions to describe the time relationships.
- Provide practice exercises where students complete sentences by choosing the correct preposition.
- Encourage students to explain their choices and discuss their answers with a partner.
Exercise 1: Fill-in-the-gaps (4 minutes)
- Distribute a worksheet or display sentences on the board with gaps where students need to choose the correct preposition in time phrases.
- Give students a few minutes to complete the exercise individually.
- Review the answers as a class, discussing the rationale behind each choice.
Exercise 2: Fill-in-the-gaps (4 minutes)
- Present another set of sentences or short paragraphs where students need to fill in the gaps with appropriate prepositions in time phrases.
- Encourage students to think critically and apply their understanding of prepositions in different contexts.
- Collect the completed exercises and provide feedback if time permits.
Speaking Practice: Activity 3 (4 minutes)
- Divide students into pairs or small groups.
- Assign ship's motorman scenarios or situations where they discuss and plan actions using prepositions in time phrases.
- Encourage students to consider the timing and order of tasks and describe the temporal relationships using prepositions.
- Monitor the groups and provide assistance or clarification as needed.
Wrap-up and Review (1 minute)
- Summarize the key points covered in the lesson, emphasizing the importance of using prepositions accurately in time phrases.
- Recap the examples and practice exercises to reinforce understanding.
- Encourage students to ask questions or share any insights gained from the lesson.
Afterword
- Conclude the lesson by reiterating the significance of prepositions in time phrases and their impact on effective communication.
- Provide additional resources or suggested activities for further practice and exploration of the topic if desired.

YouTube Description:

Welcome to our engaging lesson on prepositions in time phrases! In this video, we explore the significance of prepositions like "before," "for," "since," "till/until," and "by" in describing temporal relationships. Join us as we dive into the definition, examples, and practice exercises to enhance your understanding and usage of prepositions in time phrases. Whether you're a language enthusiast or a student looking to improve your English skills, this lesson is for you. Don't miss out on this valuable opportunity to master prepositions in time phrases and enhance your communication skills.

Keywords: prepositions in time phrases, prepositions of time, before, for, since, till, until, by, English language, grammar, language learning, communication skills, language enthusiasts, educational video, English lesson, language skills, language improvement.

Podcast Description: Welcome to an engaging lesson hosted by Oleksiy Fesenko on prepositions in time phrases! In this video, we delve into the significance of prepositions such as "before," "for," "since," "till/until," and "by" in describing temporal relationships. Join us as we explore the definition, provide examples, and offer practice exercises to enhance your understanding and usage of prepositions in time phrases. Whether you're a language enthusiast or a student looking to improve your English skills, this lesson is designed to help you master prepositions in time phrases and enhance your communication abilities. Don't miss out on this valuable opportunity to improve your language skills. Watch the lesson now and take your English proficiency to the next level!

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Foreword:

"Welcome to today's lesson on prepositions in time phrases. In this lesson, we will delve into the world of temporal relationships and discover how prepositions help us express time frames, durations, and sequences of events. By mastering the usage of prepositions in time phrases, you will enhance your language skills and communicate with clarity. Let's embark on this exciting journey and unlock the secrets of effective time expression."

Before we begin, I want to let you know that we will be using our classroom monitor screen for this lesson. I will be displaying presentations, examples, and exercises on the screen to help us understand and practice the material. Make sure to pay attention to the screen throughout the lesson.

Warm-up.

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Activity 1:

Create a narrative or scenario that connects the concept of a port to the idea of speed, incorporating the other words along the way.

Engine: /ˈɛn.dʒɪn/ - двигун
Maintenance: /ˈmeɪn.tə.nəns/ - технічне обслуговування
Fuel: /fjuːəl/ - паливо
Vessel: /ˈvɛs.əl/ - судно
Port: /pɔːt/ - порт

Inspection: /ɪnˈspɛk.ʃən/ - огляд
Overhaul: /ˈəʊ.və.hɔːl/ - капітальний ремонт
Performance: /pəˈfɔː.məns/ - продуктивність
Navigation: /ˌnæv.ɪˈɡeɪ.ʃən/ - навігація
Speed: /spiːd/ - швидкість

Example sequence and prompt:

Port → Vessel → Inspection → Maintenance → Overhaul → Fuel → Engine → Performance → Navigation → Speed

Prompt: Imagine a scenario where a ship arrives at a port for inspection and maintenance. The crew ensures the vessel is in top condition, performing necessary overhauls and checks. They refuel the ship and inspect the engine's performance. Once the preparations are complete, the ship sets sail, navigating through various routes, and gradually increasing its speed.

Утворення послідовності: приклад.

Порт → Судно → Перевірка → Технічне обслуговування → Капітальний ремонт → Паливо → Двигун → Продуктивність → Навігація → Швидкість

Підказка: уявіть сценарій, коли корабель прибуває в порт для перевірки та обслуговування. Екіпаж забезпечує ідеальний стан судна судна, виконуючи необхідні капітальні ремонти та перевірки. Заправляє корабель і перевіряє роботу двигуна. Після завершення підготовки корабель відпливає, проходячи різними маршрутами та поступово збільшуючи швидкість.

Activity 2

This warm-up activity has to encourage you to think creatively and construct a narrative that links the concept of a port to speed, while incorporating the other words to build a coherent story related to ship operations and maintenance. Now, continue the scenario and links "speed" to "port":

Instruction: Imagine a ship traveling at high speed. Now, think about how the ship adjusts its speed as it approaches the port. Write a short paragraph describing the change in speed and the importance of maintaining a safe speed during port entry.

Інструкція: Уявіть собі корабель, що пливе на великій швидкості. А тепер подумайте, як корабель змінює свою швидкість, наближаючись до порту. Напишіть короткий абзац, який описує зміну швидкості та важливість підтримки безпечної швидкості під час входу в порт.

Linking "speed" to "port" scenario:

Imagine a scenario where a ship is traveling at high speed on the open sea. Suddenly, the captain receives urgent navigation instructions to change course and head towards a different port. The crew quickly adjusts the vessel's speed, making necessary engine performance checks along the way. As they approach the new port, they reduce the speed, following specific port entry protocols and ensuring a safe arrival.

In this scenario, the word "speed" is linked to the concept of the ship traveling at high speed initially, and then adjusting the speed as the vessel approaches the new port. Please, ncorporate other words from the list, such as navigation, engine performance, and port, to construct a narrative that connects the idea of speed to the port in a coherent manner.

Сценарій зв’язування «швидкості» з «портом»:

Уявіть собі сценарій, коли судно пливе на великій швидкості у відкритому морі. Раптом капітан отримує термінові навігаційні вказівки змінити курс і прямувати до іншого порту. Екіпаж швидко змінює швидкість судна, проводячи необхідні перевірки роботи двигуна на маршруті. Під час наближення до нового порту, команда знижує швидкість, дотримуючись певних протоколів входу в порт і забезпечуючи безпечне прибуття.

У цьому сценарії слово «швидкість» пов’язане з концепцією корабля, який спочатку рухається на високій швидкості, а потім змінює швидкість, коли судно наближається до нового порту. Таким чином ми додаємо до списку такі слова як навігація, продуктивність двигуна та порт, і будуємо розповідь, яка пов’язує ідею швидкості з портом у замикаючи послідовність.

Introduction and Explanation

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Introduction and Definition

Introduction: Today, we will be discussing prepositions in time phrases. Prepositions play an important role in our language, and when used in time phrases, they help us describe relationships between events or actions in terms of time. Understanding how prepositions work in time phrases will enhance your ability to express and comprehend time-related information accurately.

Definition: Prepositions in time phrases are words that indicate the relationship between events or actions in terms of time. They are used to specify when something happens, for how long, or in what order. Prepositions in time phrases help us establish temporal connections and provide important context to our statements.

Examples of prepositions used in time phrases include "before," "after," "during," "since," "till/until," "by," "within," "for," "between," and "throughout." These prepositions help us convey specific time frames, durations, or sequences of events.

By mastering the usage of prepositions in time phrases, you will be able to express and understand temporal relationships more accurately, allowing for clear and effective communication.

Now that we have a clear understanding of the definition and importance of prepositions in time phrases, let's explore some examples and practice using them in various contexts.

Вступ: сьогодні ми розглянемо вживання прийменників в контексті часу. Прийменники відіграють важливу роль у нашій мові, і коли їх вживають в контексті часу, вони допомагають нам описати що відбувється чи відбувалось впродовж певного часу. Розуміння того, як прийменники вживаються у часовому контексті, покращить ваше уміння показати де, як, коли та з ким відбувається взаємодія.

Визначення: прийменники в контексті часу — це слова, які вказують на відношення між подіями чи діями з точки зору часу. Вони використовуються, щоб визначити, коли щось сталось, протягом якого часу або в якому порядку. Прийменники в часових фразах допомагають нам встановити часові зв’язки та надають важливий контекст нашим висловлюванням.

Приклади прийменників, що використовуються в часових фразах, включають «до», «після», «протягом», «з тих пір», «до/поки», «до», «в межах», «для», «між» і «протягом». " Ці прийменники допомагають нам передати конкретні часові рамки, тривалість або послідовність подій.

Засвоївши вживання прийменників у часовому контексті, ви зможете точніше виражати та розуміти часові зв’язки, що дозволить чітко та ефективно спілкуватися.

Тепер, коли ми маємо чітке визначення та розуміння важливості вживання прийменників у часових фразах, давайте розглянемо деякі приклади та потренуємось використовувати їх у різних контекстах.

Examples and practice.

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Here are some commonly used prepositions in time phrases, along with their definitions and three examples each, all related to the world of ship's motormen. In this listening activity, listen carefully to the recording of key prepositions in time phrases with examples and translations. Afterward, in the next activity, fill in the gaps in the sentences using the appropriate prepositions from the list provided.

Before: Definition: Prior to a specific time or event.
Examples: a) "Please complete the maintenance checklist before starting the engine." b) "The motorman should check the fuel levels before departing from the port." c) "The captain must receive the weather report before making any navigation decisions."
For: Definition: Over a period of time or duration.
Examples: a) "The engine needs to be warmed up for at least 15 minutes before setting sail." b) "The motorman should monitor the oil pressure continuously for the entire voyage." c) "The fuel tank should last for approximately two days, depending on the vessel's speed."
Since: Definition: From a specific point in time until the present moment.
Examples: a) "The motorman has been working on this ship since 2018." b) "Since the last overhaul, the engine's performance has significantly improved." c) "The crew has been following the new safety protocols since the accident."
Till/Until: Definition: Up to a specific time or event.
Examples: a) "Please wait in the engine room until the motorman gives further instructions." b) "The repair work will continue until the engine is fully operational." c) "The crew will remain on board till the storm subsides."
By: Definition: Not later than a specific time or deadline.
Examples: a) "The maintenance report must be submitted by the end of the week." b) "The motorman should complete the inspection checklist by 9:00 AM." c) "Please ensure all tools are returned to their designated places by the end of the shift."
During: Definition: Throughout the duration of a specific time or event.
Examples: a) "The motorman must conduct regular inspections during the voyage." b) "The crew should be vigilant during rough weather conditions." c) "Fuel consumption tends to increase during high-speed maneuvers."
Within: Definition: Before a specific time or event.
Examples: a) "The motorman must report any anomalies within 24 hours of discovery." b) "All necessary repairs should be completed within the scheduled maintenance period." c) "The crew should return all borrowed equipment within the next shift."
After: Definition: Following a specific time or event.
Examples: a) "The motorman should conduct an engine inspection after every 100 hours of operation." b) "After refueling, the crew should check for any leaks or spills." c) "The captain will make an announcement after we have docked at the port."
Between: Definition: In the time or space separating two events.
Examples: a) "The motorman should conduct routine checks between shifts." b) "Between the hours of 2 PM and 4 PM, the crew will undergo safety training." c) "Please maintain radio silence between transmissions to avoid interference."
Throughout: Definition: Over the entire duration of a specific time or event.
Examples: a) "The motorman needs to monitor the engine's temperature throughout the voyage." b) "The crew should maintain a high level of alertness throughout the night watch." c) "Throughout the storm, the motorman ensured the stability of the engine."

Before: Визначення: До певного моменту часу або події. Приклади: a) "Будь ласка, виконайте роботи згідно до передпусокового переліку щодо технічного обслуговування двигуна." b) "Моторист повинен перевірити рівень палива перед відправкою з порту." c) "Капітан повинен отримати звіт про погоду перед прийняттям будь-яких навігаційних рішень."
For: Визначення: Впродовж певного часу або часового проміжку. Приклади: a) "Двигун повинен прогріватися впродовж принаймні 15 хвилин перед відплиттям." b) "Моторист повинен постійно контролювати тиск мастила впродовж усього рейсу." c) "Паливного бака має вистачити приблизно на дві доби, залежно від швидкості судна."
Since: Визначення: Від певного моменту в часі до теперішнього моменту. Приклади: a) "Моторист працює на цьому судні з 2018 року." b) "Після останнього капітального ремонту характеристики двигуна значно покращилися." c) "Екіпаж дотримується нових протоколів безпеки після аварії."
Till/Until: Визначення: До певного часу або події. Приклади: a) "Будь ласка, зачекайте в машинному відділенні, допоки моторист не надасть подальших інструкцій." b) "Ремонтні роботи триватимуть до повної готовності двигуна." c) "Екіпаж залишиться на борту до припинення шторму.
By: Визначення: Не пізніше певного часу або зазначеного строку. Приклади: a) "Звіт про технічне обслуговування повинен бути поданий до кінця тижня." b) "Моторист повинен завершити перевірку контрольного списку до 9:00 ранку." c) "Будь ласка, переконайтеся, що всі інструменти буде повернуто на призначені місця до кінця зміни»."
During: Визначення: Впродовж певного часу або події. Приклади: a) "Моторист повинен проводити регулярні перевірки впродовж рейсу." b) "Екіпаж повинен бути постійно пильним за складних погодних умов." c) "Витрата палива під час високошвидкісних маневрів має тенденцію до збільшення"
Within: Визначення: До певного часу або події. Приклади: a) "Моторист повинен повідомити про будь-які відхилення протягом 24 годин після виявлення." b) "Усі необхідні ремонтні роботи мають бути завершені протягом запланованого періоду технічного обслуговування" c) "Екіпаж повинен повернути всю позичену техніку протягом наступної зміни."
After: Визначення: Після певного часу або події. Приклади: a) "Моторист повинен проводити огляд двигуна після кожних 100 годин роботи." b) "Після заправки екіпаж повинен перевірити наявність протікань або розливів." c) "Капітан зробить оголошення після того, як ми прибудемо в порт."
Between: Визначення: У часовому проміжку між двома подіями. Приклади: a) "Моторист повинен проводити регулярні перевірки між змінами." b) "Між 14:00 і 16:00 годинами екіпаж буде проходити навчання з питань безпеки." c) "Будь ласка, дотримуйтеся радіомовчання між передачами, щоб не створювати перешкоди."
Throughout: Визначення: Впродовж певного часу або події. Приклади: a) «Матористу необхідно контролювати температуру двигуна протягом усього рейсу». b) Екіпаж повинен підтримувати високу пильність впродовж нічної вахти». c) "Протягом шторму моторист забезпечував стабільність роботи двигуна."

Poetry

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A preposition is a word that shows the relationship between a noun or pronoun and another word in the sentence. Prepositions of time are prepositions that express when something happens. For example, “before”, “for”, “since”, “till”, “until” and “by” are prepositions of time. For example, “I will finish the work by tomorrow.” or “She has been working here since 2010.” Here is a poetry created using this grammatical structure and some of the keywords provided above:

We are the ship's motormen

We work hard and smart

We do our tasks before the deadline

We do our best for the ship

We have been working here since we were young

We have learned a lot till now

We will keep working until we retire

We will pass on our skills by teaching others

During our shifts, we monitor and control the engine

Within our breaks, we relax and chat with each other

After our shifts, we rest and sleep well

Between our shifts, we enjoy our hobbies and interests

Throughout our careers, we have faced many challenges

Throughout our journeys, we have seen many places

We are the ship's motormen

We are proud of what we do

In the poem, prepositions of time are used in all stanzas. Each stanza has four sentences that use these prepositions. The first sentence in each stanza uses “before” with a noun phrase, such as “the deadline” or “we retire”. The preposition and the noun phrase act as an adverbial modifier that shows the time limit for something happening. For example, “We do our tasks before the deadline.” Here, “before the deadline” is an adverbial modifier that shows the time limit for doing the tasks. The second sentence in each stanza uses “for” with a noun phrase, such as “the ship” or “each other”. The preposition and the noun phrase act as an adverbial modifier that shows the duration or purpose of something happening. For example, “We do our best for the ship.” Here, “for the ship” is an adverbial modifier that shows the duration or purpose of doing the best. The third and fourth sentences in each stanza follow the same pattern. The use of these prepositions helps to show the time aspects of the ship’s motormen’s actions.

Exercise 1: Fill-in-the-gaps.

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Fill in the gaps with the appropriate preposition in the time phrase. Choose from the options provided in the parentheses.

The motorman should start warming up the engine _____ at least 15 minutes before departure. (for / by / till)

Answer: The motorman should start warming up the engine for at least 15 minutes before departure.

Explanation: The preposition "for" is used in the sentence to indicate the duration of time that the motorman should warm up the engine, emphasizing the need for a minimum of 15 minutes before departure.

Motormen must undergo regular training programs _____ their employment. (during / since / throughout)

Answer: Motormen must undergo regular training programs during their employment.

Explanation: The preposition "during" is used in the sentence to indicate the time frame in which motormen must undergo regular training programs, highlighting that these programs occur throughout the duration of their employment.

The motorman should perform a thorough inspection of the engine _____ every shift. (after / between / within)

Answer: The motorman should perform a thorough inspection of the engine after every shift.

Explanation: The preposition "after" is used in the sentence to indicate the specific time frame when the motorman should perform a thorough inspection of the engine, emphasizing that it should be done following the completion of each shift.

The vessel's fuel tanks need to be replenished _____ arriving at the next port. (before / after / until)

Answer: The vessel's fuel tanks need to be replenished before arriving at the next port.

Explanation: The preposition "before" is used in the sentence to indicate the specific time or event that precedes the need for replenishing the vessel's fuel tanks, emphasizing that it should be done prior to arriving at the next port.

The motorman will attend a seminar on engine maintenance _____ next Monday. (since / after / on)

Answer: The motorman will attend a seminar on engine maintenance on next Monday.

Explanation: The preposition "on" is used in the sentence to indicate the specific day (next Monday) when the motorman will attend a seminar, emphasizing the time or date of the event.

The engine's performance has significantly improved _____ the recent overhaul. (since / after / throughout)

Answer: The engine's performance has significantly improved since the recent overhaul.

Explanation: The conjunction "since" is used in the sentence to indicate the point in time from which the engine's performance has significantly improved, emphasizing that it started improving after the recent overhaul.

The motorman must report any engine issues _____ the end of the day. (by / during / till)

Answer: The motorman must report any engine issues by the end of the day

Explanation: Could you please arrange a very short comment on the usage of "by" in the sentence: The motorman must report any engine issues by the end of the day.

Motormen are responsible for navigating the vessel _____ adverse weather conditions. (between / during / within)

Answer: Motormen are responsible for navigating the vessel during adverse weather conditions.

Explanation: The preposition "during" is used in the sentence to indicate the specific circumstances in which motormen are responsible for navigating the vessel, highlighting that it applies specifically when adverse weather conditions occur.

The motorman needs to maintain a consistent speed _____ the entire voyage. (throughout / for / between)

Answer: The motorman needs to maintain a consistent speed throughout the entire voyage.

Explanation: Could you please arrange a very short comment on the usage of "throughout" in the sentence: The motorman needs to maintain a consistent speed throughout the entire voyage.

The engine's efficiency has been affected _____ the lack of regular maintenance. (for / by / since)

Answer: The engine's efficiency has been affected by the lack of regular maintenance.

Explanation: The preposition "by" is used in the sentence to indicate the cause or agent that has affected the engine's efficiency, emphasizing that it is due to the lack of regular maintenance.

Exercise 2: Fill-in-the-gaps.

Fill in the gaps with the appropriate words: Before, For, Since, Till/Until, By, During, Within, After, Between, Throughout.

__________ departing from the port, the motorman should check the fuel levels.

Answer: Before

Please complete the maintenance checklist before starting the engine.

Explanation: The preposition "before" is used in the sentence to indicate the specific action (completing the maintenance checklist) that needs to be done prior to another action (starting the engine), emphasizing the sequence of events.

The engine needs to be warmed up __________ at least 15 minutes before setting sail.

Answer: For

The engine needs to be warmed up for at least 15 minutes before setting sail.

Explanation: The preposition "for" is used in the sentence to indicate the duration or length of time (15 minutes) for which the engine needs to be warmed up before the action of setting sail. It emphasizes the specific time frame required for the warm-up process.

The crew has been following the new safety protocols __________ the accident.

Answer: Since

The motorman has been working on this ship since 2018.

Explanation: The conjunction "since" is used in the sentence to indicate the starting point or duration of time (2018) when the motorman began working on the ship, emphasizing the continuity of their employment from that specific year.

Please wait in the engine room __________ the motorman gives further instructions.

Answer: Till/Until

Please wait in the engine room until the motorman gives further instructions.

Explanation:

"Until" indicates that the action of waiting should continue up to the point when the motorman gives further instructions.

Both "till" and "until" have the same meaning and can be used interchangeably in most cases. However, "until" is considered more formal and is often preferred in formal writing. "Till" is more commonly used in spoken language or informal writing. In the sentence you provided, "until" is the more appropriate choice.

The maintenance report must be submitted __________ the end of the week.

Answer: By

The maintenance report must be submitted by the end of the week.

Explanation: The preposition "by" is used in the sentence to indicate the deadline or specific point in time (the end of the week) by which the maintenance report must be submitted, emphasizing the time constraint or expectation for completion.

The motorman must conduct regular inspections __________ the voyage.

Answer: During

The motorman must conduct regular inspections during the voyage.

Explanation: The preposition "during" is used in the sentence to indicate the specific time frame or period (the voyage) in which the motorman is required to conduct regular inspections, emphasizing that these inspections should occur throughout the duration of the voyage.

The crew should return all borrowed equipment __________ the next shift.

Answer: Within

The motorman must report any anomalies within 24 hours of discovery.

Explanation: The preposition "within" is used in the sentence to indicate the specific time limit or period (24 hours) within which the motorman is expected to report any anomalies after their discovery, emphasizing the promptness and urgency of reporting.

The motorman should conduct an engine inspection __________ every 100 hours of operation.

Answer: After

The motorman should conduct an engine inspection after every 100 hours of operation.

Explanation: The preposition "after" is used in the sentence to indicate the specific event or condition (every 100 hours of operation) that triggers or follows the action of conducting an engine inspection, emphasizing the regularity and frequency of the inspections.

The motorman should conduct routine checks __________ shifts.

Answer: Between

The motorman should conduct routine checks between shifts.

Explanation: The preposition "between" is used in the sentence to indicate the specific time frame or interval (shifts) in which the motorman should conduct routine checks, emphasizing that these checks should occur during the transition period between shifts.

The motorman needs to monitor the engine's temperature __________ the voyage.

Answer: Throughout

The motorman needs to monitor the engine's temperature throughout the voyage.

Explanation: The preposition "throughout" is used in the sentence to indicate the entire duration or extent of the voyage, emphasizing that the motorman is responsible for monitoring the engine's temperature consistently and continuously during the entire journey.

Speaking Practice

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Activity 3

In pairs or small groups, you will be given ship's motorman scenarios. Discuss and plan your actions using prepositions in time phrases, considering the timing and order of tasks. For example:

What actions do you need to take in your assigned scenario?
How long should each action take? Use prepositions in time phrases to specify the duration.
When should each action be completed? Use prepositions in time phrases to indicate the time relationship between actions.
Are there any specific events or milestones that need to be considered? Use prepositions in time phrases to express the sequence of events.

Afterwards, share your plans with the class, highlighting the use of prepositions to describe temporal relationships.

У парах або невеликих групах вам будуть надані сценарії cуднового моториста. Обговоріть і сплануйте свої дії, використовуючи прийменники в контексті часу, і порядку виконання завдань. Наприклад:

Які дії вам потрібно виконати у призначеному сценарії?
Скільки часу має тривати кожна дія? Використовуйте прийменники в контексті часу, щоб визначити тривалість.
Коли кожна дія повинна бути завершена? Використовуйте прийменники в контексті часу, щоб позначити часовий зв’язок між діями.
Чи є якісь конкретні події чи моменти, які необхідно враховувати? Використовуйте прийменники в контексті часу, щоб виразити послідовність подій.

Після цього поділіться своїми планами з класом, показуючи використання прийменників для опису часових зв’язків.

Scenario 1: Conducting Engine Maintenance

Group 1 Story:

In order to conduct engine maintenance, we first checked the oil level for 15 minutes to ensure it was at the appropriate level. After that, we inspected the filters and cleaned them, which took approximately 30 minutes. Once the filters were cleaned, we proceeded to perform a thorough examination of the engine components, which lasted for an hour. Finally, we completed the maintenance by tightening all the bolts and securing the covers. The entire process took us around 2 hours.

Explanation:

"For" is a preposition indicating the duration of time. It specifies that the oil level was checked for a duration of 15 minutes.
"After" is a preposition indicating the sequence of events. It signifies that the inspection of the filters and cleaning occurred subsequent to the checking of the oil level.
"Around" is a preposition indicating an approximate or estimated time. It suggests that the entire process took approximately 2 hours.

Group 2 Story:

For our engine maintenance, we began by inspecting the filters to ensure they were clean, which we estimated would take about 20 minutes. After completing the filter inspection, we moved on to checking the oil level, which required 10 minutes of our time. Once the oil level was verified, we proceeded with a comprehensive examination of the engine components, anticipating that it would take us around 45 minutes. Finally, we finished the maintenance by securing all the connections and conducting a final test. Overall, the entire process took us approximately 1 hour and 15 minutes.

Explanation:

In the given context, "about" is used as a preposition, indicating an approximate duration of time.
"While" indicates a temporal relationship and means "during the time that" or "at the same time as." It is not explicitly used in the provided text.
"After" indicates that one action occurs subsequent to another action.
"Around" indicates an approximate or estimated time.

Scenario 2: Preparing for Departure

Group 1 Story:

To prepare for departure, we first fueled the vessel, which typically takes around 45 minutes to complete. After fueling, we checked the navigation equipment, ensuring that everything was in working order, which required 20 minutes. Next, we conducted a thorough inspection of the engine, which took us approximately 30 minutes. Once the inspection was completed, we tested the performance of the engine, running it at different speeds for 15 minutes. Finally, we confirmed that all safety measures were in place before setting sail. The entire preparation process took us around 2 hours.

Explanation:

To: Indicates the purpose or goal of the action. In this case, it refers to the purpose of preparing for departure.
After: Indicates the sequence of actions. It signifies that checking the navigation equipment follows the action of fueling the vessel.
For: Indicates the intended duration or time period required. It is used to express the approximate time it takes to complete the action of fueling the vessel.
Next: Indicates the order of actions. It indicates that conducting a thorough inspection of the engine is the action that follows checking the navigation equipment.
Once: Indicates a condition or event that triggers the next action. In this case, it suggests that the completion of the inspection is the condition that allows the testing of the engine's performance to occur.
Before: Indicates that an action must be completed prior to another action or event. In this context, it emphasizes the importance of confirming all safety measures before setting sail.

Group 2 Story:

In our preparation for departure, we began by inspecting the engine to ensure its optimal performance, which we estimated would take around 30 minutes. After the inspection, we fueled the vessel, a task that typically takes 1 hour. Once fueled, we checked the navigation equipment, which required an additional 15 minutes. Following the navigation check, we conducted a thorough inspection of the entire vessel, including safety equipment, which took us approximately 45 minutes. Finally, we double-checked all the necessary documents and clearances before setting off. Overall, our preparation for departure took us around 2 hours and 30 minutes.

Explanation:

In: Indicates the period or duration within which the preparation for departure took place.
For: Indicates the purpose or objective of inspecting the engine.
After: Indicates the sequence of actions, i.e., fueling the vessel occurred after the inspection.
Once: Indicates the point in time when the vessel was fueled, following the completion of the previous action.
Following: Indicates the sequence of actions, i.e., the thorough inspection of the vessel occurred after the navigation check.
Before: Indicates the action of double-checking the necessary documents and clearances, which preceded the act of setting off.

Wrap-up and Review

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In today's lesson, we explored prepositions in time phrases and their role in describing temporal relationships. We learned that prepositions like before, for, since, till, until, by are used to specify time frames, durations, and the sequence of events. By understanding and using these prepositions correctly, we can provide accurate information about when and how long actions take place.

На сьогоднішньому уроці ми розглянули прийменники в часових фразах та їх роль в описі часових відношень. Ми дізналися, що такі прийменники, як до, в продовж, з тих пір, до тих пір, доки, до використовуються для визначення часових рамок, тривалості та послідовності подій. Розуміючи та правильно вживаючи ці прийменники, ми можемо надати точну інформацію про те, коли та як довго відбуваються дії.

Afterword:

"Congratulations on completing the lesson on prepositions in time phrases! You have expanded your understanding of how prepositions contribute to precise time-related descriptions. Remember to apply this knowledge in your daily conversations and written expressions to convey temporal relationships accurately. Keep practicing and exploring the nuances of the English language. Well done, and keep up the great work!"

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