Embedded Files
Phrase: Verbs taking gerund.
Phrase: Verbs taking gerund.
Lesson Plan:
Title: Gerunds (Ship's Motormen)
Level: B1-B1+ Category: Future Ship's Motormen in Ukraine
Time: 25 minutes
Objective: By the end of the lesson, students will be able to understand and use gerunds appropriately in sentences related to the work of ship's motormen.
Materials:
Chalk board; Classroom display
Chalk; Notebook
Workbooks, handout with exercises (prepared in advance)
Website.
Procedure:
Warm-up (5 minutes):
Greet the students and engage them in a short conversation to create a friendly and relaxed atmosphere.
Ask students about their hobbies or activities they enjoy doing, and encourage them to respond using gerunds. For example, "What do you enjoy doing in your free time?"
Write down some of the students' responses on the board to generate a list of gerunds.
Useful collocations! (5 minutes):
Introduce the concept of collocations, which are common word combinations.
Provide examples of collocations with gerunds, such as "go shopping," "take a walk," "enjoy cooking," "love swimming," etc.
Write the examples on the board and ask students to create their own collocations using gerunds.
Encourage students to share their collocations with the class.
Introduction to Gerunds (5 minutes):
Explain that a gerund is a verb form that ends in -ing and functions as a noun.
Give examples of gerunds, such as "swimming," "reading," "writing," etc.
Discuss the purpose and function of gerunds in sentences, emphasizing that they can act as subjects, objects, or complements.
Write examples of gerunds and their functions on the board.
Gerunds as Subjects (5 minutes):
Explain that gerunds can be used as the subject of a sentence.
Provide examples on the board, such as "Reading books is enjoyable" or "Swimming is good exercise."
Discuss how gerunds as subjects can be followed by a verb or a complement.
Engage the students in a short discussion about the advantages or benefits of different activities using gerunds as subjects.
Exercise 1: Verb Transformation Exercise (5 minutes):
Distribute handout with Exercise 1.
Instruct students to transform the given sentences using gerunds as subjects.
Monitor students as they work on the exercise and provide assistance if needed.
Review the answers as a class and discuss any questions or challenges that arose.
Gerunds as Objects (5 minutes):
Explain that gerunds can also be used as objects of verbs.
Introduce a list of verbs that are often followed by gerunds, such as "enjoy," "hate," "avoid," "recommend," "mind," etc.
Write the verbs on the board and provide examples of sentences using these verbs followed by gerunds.
Discuss any differences in meaning or usage between the verbs.
Exercise 2: Gerund Transformation Exercise (5 minutes):
Distribute handout with Exercise 2.
Instruct students to transform the given sentences using gerunds.
Remind them to use the appropriate verb from the list provided.
Monitor students' progress and offer guidance if necessary.
Review the answers as a class and encourage students to explain their choices.
Note: Due to the limited time, the practice activity (Exercise 3) and the additional exercise (Exercise 1: Verb Transformation Exercise) will not be included in this 25-minute lesson plan. They can be assigned as homework or covered in a follow-up lesson.
YouTube Description:
Title: Mastering Gerunds: A Comprehensive Guide to Using Gerunds in English (with Ukrainian Translation)
Description: Welcome to "Mastering Gerunds," your ultimate guide to understanding and using gerunds in English! Gerunds play a crucial role in sentence structure, and mastering their usage will greatly enhance your communication skills. In this video, we delve deep into the world of gerunds, exploring their functions as subjects and objects. We also provide a Ukrainian translation to ensure clarity and accessibility for Ukrainian-speaking viewers. We explore a list of common verbs that are often followed by gerunds and offer transformation exercises to reinforce your learning. With clear explanations, practical examples, and Ukrainian translation, this video provides a comprehensive overview of gerunds. Whether you're a beginner or looking to fine-tune your language skills, this video is perfect for you. Start mastering gerunds today and take your English proficiency to the next level!
Keywords:
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Ukrainian translation
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transformation exercises
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Podcast Description: Welcome to "Mastering Gerunds," a comprehensive guide hosted by Oleksiy Fesenko, designed to help you understand and use gerunds in English with ease. Gerunds are essential elements of sentence structure, and by mastering their usage, you can greatly enhance your communication skills. In this video, we take an in-depth look at gerunds, exploring their functions as both subjects and objects in sentences. To ensure clarity and accessibility for Ukrainian-speaking viewers, we provide Ukrainian translations throughout the lesson.
We delve into a list of common verbs that are often followed by gerunds, giving you practical examples and exercises to reinforce your learning. With clear explanations, practical examples, and Ukrainian translations, this video offers a comprehensive overview of gerunds. Whether you're a beginner or looking to fine-tune your language skills, this lesson is perfect for you.
Start mastering gerunds today and take your English proficiency to the next level! Join us in this engaging and informative lesson, hosted by Oleksiy Fesenko, and unlock the power of using gerunds effectively in your English communication.
Don't forget to subscribe to our channel and turn on the notification bell to stay updated with our latest videos and lessons. Thank you for watching, and we look forward to helping you master gerunds!
Keywords: Gerunds, English grammar, Ukrainian translation, sentence structure, language skills, communication, practical examples, comprehensive guide, proficiency improvement, beginner-friendly, education.
4 Phrase
Podcast 7: verbs taking gerund
MP4 with subtitles. (Part 1) -29 400 kb (30.39 min)
MP4 with subtitles. (Part 2)- 21 000 kb (23.48 min)
MP3 (Part 1) - 12 300 kb
MP3 (Part 2) - 9 500 kb
WAV (Part 1) - 84 200 kb.
WAV (Part 2) - 65 400 kb.
Foreword 10_7.wavForeword:
Foreword:
Welcome to today's lesson on gerunds! Gerunds are an important aspect of English grammar, and understanding their usage can greatly enhance your communication skills. In this lesson, we will explore the various roles gerunds play in sentences, including their use as subjects and objects. We will also discover common verbs that are often followed by gerunds. By the end of this lesson, you will have a solid foundation in using gerunds effectively in your spoken and written English. So, let's dive in and explore the world of gerunds together!
Before we begin, I want to let you know that we will be using our classroom monitor screen for this lesson. I will be displaying presentations, examples, and exercises on the screen to help us understand and practice the material. Make sure to pay attention to the screen throughout the lesson.
- Warm-up
Here are some collocations related to the gerunds "checking engine systems," "repairing machinery," and "maintaining equipment" in the context of ship's motormen:
10_7_1.wavTeacher: Good morning/afternoon, everyone! How are you all doing today? Let's start our lesson with a warm-up activity related to ships and ship's motormen. Who can tell me something about the duties and responsibilities of ship's motormen?
Student 1: Ship's motormen are responsible for maintaining the engine systems of a ship.
Teacher: That's right! They play a crucial role in keeping the ship's engines running smoothly. Can anyone else add to that?
Student 2: They also repair machinery and equipment when needed.
Teacher: Excellent point! Ship's motormen are skilled in repairing any faulty machinery on the ship. Thank you for sharing. Now, let's think about the verbs associated with these duties. What actions do ship's motormen perform?
Student 3: Checking engine systems.
Teacher: Great! "Checking" is one action that ship's motormen perform. What are some other verbs?
Student 4: Maintaining equipment.
Teacher: Perfect! "Maintaining" is another verb that ship's motormen often engage in. Let's write these key phrases in your workbooks: "checking engine systems," "repairing machinery," and "maintaining equipment." We'll use these phrases to explore gerunds in our lesson today.
Take a moment to think about some verbs related to these phrases. We'll continue our discussion in a minute. [...]
Вчитель: Доброго ранку/дня всім! Як у вас справи сьогодні? Розпочнемо наш урок з розминки, пов’язаної з кораблями та професією моторист. Хто може розповісти мені про обов'язки та відповідальність мотористів?
Учень 1: Суднові мотористи відповідають за технічне обслуговування систем двигуна судна.
Вчитель: Правильно! Вони відіграють вирішальну роль у безперебійній роботі суднових двигунів. Хтось ще може додати до цього?
Учень 2: Вони також ремонтують машини та обладнання, коли це необхідно.
Вчитель: Чудово! Суднові мотористи вміють ремонтувати будь-які несправні механізми на кораблі. Дякую, що поділився. Тепер давайте подумаємо про дієслова, пов’язані з цими обов’язками. Які дії виконують мотористи суден?
Учень 3: Перевірка систем двигуна.
Вчитель: Чудово! «Перевірка» — одна з дій, яку виконують мотористи. Які інші дієслова?
Учень 4: Обслуговування обладнання.
Вчитель: Чудово! «Технічне обслуговування» — це ще одне дієслово, яке часто вживають суднові мотористи. Давайте напишемо в зошити ключові фрази: «перевірка систем двигуна», «ремонт машин» і «обслуговування обладнання». На сьогоднішньому уроці ми застосуємо ці фрази для вивчення герундія.
Знайдіть хвилинку, щоб подумати про дієслова, пов’язані з цими фразами. Ми продовжимо наше обговорення через хвилину. [...]
Useful collocations!
Useful collocations!
10_7_1 collocations .wavThese collocations with gerunds, along with their Ukrainian translations, should be helpful for your understanding the expressions "checking engine systems," "repairing machinery," and "maintaining equipment" in the context of your future job as ship's motormen.
Collocations with "checking engine systems":
Conducting regular inspections of engine systems
Monitoring and evaluating engine system performance
Implementing preventive measures for engine system maintenance
Detecting and diagnosing issues in engine systems
Optimizing the efficiency of engine systems:
Фразеологізми з "перевірка систем двигуна":
Проведення регулярних оглядів систем двигуна
Контроль та оцінка роботи системи двигуна
Проведення профілактичних заходів з обслуговування системи двигуна
Виявлення та діагностика проблем у системах двигуна
Оптимізація ефективності системи двигун
Collocations with "repairing machinery":
Conducting repairs on faulty machinery
Troubleshooting and diagnosing mechanical issues
Performing regular maintenance on machinery
Overhauling and upgrading machinery
Replacing worn-out components in machinery
2. Фразеологізми з "ремонт механізмів"
Виконання ремонту несправного обладнання
Усунення механічних проблем та діагностика в механізмах
Виконання регулярного технічного обслуговування механізмів
Капітальний ремонт та модернізація механізмів
Заміна зношених деталей у механізмах
Collocations with "maintaining equipment"
Performing routine maintenance on equipment
Ensuring proper functioning of equipment
Inspecting and lubricating equipment
Adhering to maintenance schedules for equipment
Repairing and replacing faulty equipment
Collocations with "maintaining equipment":
Виконання регулярного технічного обслуговування обладнання
Забезпечення належної роботи обладнання
Огляд та змащування обладнання
Дотримання графіків технічного обслуговування обладнання
Огляд та сервісне обслуговування обладнання
Ремонт та заміна несправного обладнання
Teacher: Alright, let's hear some of the verbs you came up with.
Student 5: Inspecting the engine systems.
Teacher: Good job! "Inspecting" is another verb associated with checking engine systems. Anyone else?
Student 6: Overhauling the machinery.
Teacher: Excellent! "Overhauling" refers to a more extensive repair or maintenance of machinery. Well done, everyone! These are great examples of verbs used by ship's motormen. Now, we'll move on to our lesson on gerunds and explore how we can use them in sentences.
Вчитель: Добре, давайте прослухаємо деякі дієслова, які ви придумали.
Учень 5: Огляд систем двигуна.
Вчитель: Молодці! «Оглядати» — ще одне дієслово, пов’язане з перевіркою систем двигуна. Ще хто?
Учень 6: Капітальний ремонт техніки.
Вчитель: Чудово! «Капітальний ремонт» відноситься до більш масштабного ремонту або технічного обслуговування обладнання. Молодці всі! Це чудові приклади дієслів, які вживають суднові мотористи. Тепер ми перейдемо до нашого уроку про герундій і дослідимо, як ми можемо використовувати їх у реченнях.
2. Introduction to Gerunds
2. Introduction to Gerunds
10_7_2.wavTeacher: Today, we are going to explore an important aspect of English grammar called gerunds. Gerunds are verb forms that act as nouns in sentences. They are formed by adding "-ing" to the base form of a verb. For example, the gerund form of the verb "read" is "reading." Gerunds can function as subjects, objects, or complements in a sentence. They are very versatile and commonly used in various contexts. Today, we will specifically focus on gerunds related to the work of ship's motormen. Are you ready to dive in?
Вчитель: Сьогодні ми збираємось розглянути важливий аспект англійської граматики, який називається герундій. Герундій - це форми дієслова, які виступають у ролі іменників у реченнях. Вони утворюються шляхом додавання суфіксу "-ing" до базової форми дієслова. Наприклад, герундій від дієслова "read" (читати) - "reading" (читання). Герундії можуть виконувати функцію підметів, додатків або доповнень у реченні. Вони дуже універсальні та часто вживаються в різних контекстах. Сьогодні ми зосередимося на герундіях, пов'язаних з роботою суднових мотористів. Чи готові ви розпочати?
Students: Yes, we are ready!
Teacher: Great! As ship's motormen, you play a crucial role in ensuring the smooth operation of the ship's engine and machinery. Let's explore some common gerunds related to your work. Here are a few examples: "checking engine systems," "repairing machinery," and "maintaining equipment." These gerunds represent the actions you frequently perform. Today, we will learn how to use these gerunds in sentences. By understanding and using gerunds effectively, you will be able to communicate your tasks and responsibilities more accurately. Ready for some practice?
Students: Yes, we are ready for practice!
Студенти: Так, ми готові!
Вчитель: Чудово! Ви, як суднові мотористи, відіграєте важливу роль у забезпеченні безперебійної роботи двигуна та обладнання судна. Давайте розглянемо деякі загальні герундії, пов'язані з вашою роботою. Ось кілька прикладів: "перевірка системи двигуна", "ремонт устаткування" та "обслуговування обладнання". Ці герундії відображають дії, які ви часто виконуєте. Сьогодні ми навчимося використовувати ці герундії в реченнях. Розуміння та вміння правильно використовувати герундії допоможуть вам точніше передавати ваші завдання та обов'язки. Готові до тренування?
Студенти: Так, ми готові до тренування!
3. Gerunds as Subjects
3. Gerunds as Subjects
10_7_3.wavTeacher: Welcome back, everyone! In this segment, we will focus on gerunds as subjects of a sentence. Gerunds can take on the role of a subject, just like a noun. They represent the action or activity being performed. Let's look at some examples related to the work of ship's motormen. For instance, instead of saying, "Checking engine systems is important," we can use the gerund form as the subject: "Checking engine systems is important for ship's motormen." This way, the gerund "checking engine systems" becomes the main focus of the sentence. Let's practice using gerunds as subjects.
Please note that in the second sentence, "Checking engine systems is important for ship's motormen," the same gerund phrase "Checking engine systems" is used as the subject, but additional information is provided after the gerund phrase to specify who the action is important for, in this case, ship's motormen.
Both sentences convey the same idea, but the second sentence provides more context and emphasis on the importance of checking engine systems specifically for ship's motormen.
Вчитель: Ласкаво просимо назад, всім! У цьому сегменті ми зосередимося на герундіях у ролі підметів речення. Герундії можуть виконувати роль підмету, так само як і іменники. Вони відображають дію або діяльність, яка виконується. Розглянемо деякі приклади, пов'язані з роботою суднових мотористів. Наприклад, замість фрази "Перевірка системи двигуна являється важливою" ми можемо використати герундійну форму як підмет: "Перевірка системи двигуна являється важливою для суднових мотористів". Таким чином, герундій "перевірка системи двигуна" стає основним фокусом речення. Давайте потренуємося у використанні герундіїв у ролі підметів.
Будь ласка, зверніть увагу, що у другому реченні «Перевірка систем двигуна важлива для суднових мотористів» вживається той самий герундій «Перевірка систем двигуна» вживається як підмет, але додаткова інформація надається після фрази з герундієм, щоб уточнити, для кого ця дія важлива, у цьому випадку для суднових мотористів.
Обидва речення передають ту саму ідею, але друге речення надає більше контексту та наголошує на важливості перевірки систем двигуна саме для суднових мотористів.
Exercise 1
Exercise 1
Transform the following sentences by replacing the underlined nouns with gerunds as the subjects. Use vocabulary related to motormen.
Noun sentence: The maintenance of equipment is important for ship's motormen.
Gerund sentence: [...] equipment is important for ship's motormen.
Gerund sentence: Maintaining equipment is important for ship's motormen. Ukrainian: Обслуговування обладнання важливе для суднових мотористів.
Explanation: The gerund phrase "Maintaining equipment" in the sentence "Maintaining equipment is important for ship's motormen" serves as the subject of the sentence, emphasizing the ongoing action and responsibility of ship's motormen in keeping the equipment in good condition, highlighting its significance to their role.
Noun sentence: The inspection of engine systems is a regular task for ship's motormen.
Gerund sentence: [...] engine systems is a regular task for ship's motormen.
Gerund sentence: Checking engine systems is a regular task for ship's motormen. Ukrainian: Перевірка системи двигуна являється регулярним завданням для суднових мотористів.
Explanation: The gerund phrase "Checking engine systems" in the sentence "Checking engine systems is a regular task for ship's motormen" showcases the continuous action and regularity of the task performed by ship's motormen, underscoring the importance of systematically examining the engine systems as part of their routine responsibilities.
Noun sentence: The repair of machinery requires technical expertise.
Gerund sentence: [...] machinery requires technical expertise.
Gerund sentence: Repairing machinery requires technical expertise. Ukrainian: Ремонт обладнання вимагає технічної компетенції.
Explanation: The gerund phrase "Repairing machinery" in the sentence "Repairing machinery requires technical expertise" highlights the skill and knowledge necessary to carry out the action of repairing machinery, emphasizing the specialized expertise required to effectively address and resolve mechanical issues.
Noun sentence: The operation of control panels is essential for ship's motormen.
Gerund sentence: [...] control panels is essential for ship's motormen.
Gerund sentence: Operating control panels is essential for ship's motormen. Ukrainian: Керування з пультів явлється ключовим умінням для суднових мотористів.
Explanation: The gerund phrase "Operating control panels" in the sentence "Operating control panels is essential for ship's motormen" emphasizes the crucial role and competence of ship's motormen in handling and managing the control panels, underscoring the significance of their ability to operate this vital equipment for smooth and efficient ship operations.
Noun sentence: The monitoring of fuel consumption is part of a motorman's responsibilities.
Gerund sentence: [...] fuel consumption is part of a motorman's responsibilities.
Gerund sentence: Monitoring fuel consumption is part of a motorman's responsibilities. Ukrainian: Моніторинг споживання палива входить до обов'язків моториста.
Explanation: The gerund phrase "Monitoring fuel consumption" in the sentence "Monitoring fuel consumption is part of a motorman's responsibilities" highlights the ongoing action and duty of a motorman to observe and track the usage of fuel, emphasizing the significance of this task as an integral aspect of their responsibilities in ensuring efficient fuel management.
Noun sentence: The troubleshooting of electrical systems can be challenging for ship's motormen.
Gerund sentence: [...] electrical systems can be challenging for ship's motormen.
Gerund sentence: Troubleshooting electrical systems can be challenging for ship's motormen. Ukrainian: Виявлення та усунення несправностей в електричних системах може стати досить складним завданням для суднових мотористів.
Explanation: The gerund phrase "Troubleshooting electrical systems" in the sentence "Troubleshooting electrical systems can be challenging for ship's motormen" emphasizes the active process of identifying and resolving issues in electrical systems, highlighting the difficulties that ship's motormen may encounter while addressing and rectifying electrical malfunctions.
Noun sentence: The maintenance of engine components is crucial for ship's motormen.
Gerund sentence: [...] engine components is crucial for ship's motormen.
Gerund sentence: Maintaining engine components is crucial for ship's motormen. Ukrainian: Технічне обслуговування компонентів двигуна має вирішальне значення для суднових мотористів.
Explanation: The gerund phrase "Maintaining engine components" in the sentence "Maintaining engine components is crucial for ship's motormen" emphasizes the ongoing action and responsibility of ship's motormen in preserving and upkeeping the engine parts, underscoring the critical role they play in ensuring the proper functioning and longevity of the ship's engine.
Noun sentence: The inspection of fuel systems is a regular duty for ship's motormen.
Gerund sentence: [...] fuel systems is a regular duty for ship's motormen.
Gerund sentence: Inspecting fuel systems is a regular duty for ship's motormen. Ukrainian: Огляд паливних систем входить до регулярних обов'язком для суднових мотористів.
Explanation: The gerund phrase "Inspecting fuel systems" in the sentence "Inspecting fuel systems is a regular duty for ship's motormen" highlights the continual action and regularity of ship's motormen in examining the fuel systems, emphasizing the significance of this task as a routine responsibility in maintaining the efficiency and reliability of the ship's fuel supply.
Noun sentence: The repair of propulsion units requires specialized knowledge.
Gerund sentence: [...] propulsion units requires specialized knowledge.
Gerund sentence: Repairing propulsion units requires specialized knowledge. Ukrainian: Ремонт рушійного обладнання вимагає вузьких знань.
Explanation: The gerund phrase "Repairing propulsion units" in the sentence "Repairing propulsion units requires specialized knowledge" emphasizes the active process of fixing and restoring propulsion units, highlighting the need for specific expertise and skills to effectively address and rectify issues with these crucial components.
Noun sentence: The operation of navigational equipment is essential for ship's motormen.
Gerund sentence: [...] navigational equipment is essential for ship's motormen.
Gerund sentence: Operating navigational equipment is essential for ship's motormen. Ukrainian: Керування навігаційним обладнанням важливе для суднових мотористів.
Explanation: The gerund phrase "Operating navigational equipment" in the sentence "Operating navigational equipment is essential for ship's motormen" emphasizes the active role and responsibility of ship's motormen in utilizing and managing navigational equipment, underscoring the vital importance of their involvement in ensuring accurate navigation and safe passage.
Noun sentence: The troubleshooting of hydraulic systems is a skill possessed by experienced motormen. Gerund sentence: [...] hydraulic systems is a skill possessed by experienced motormen.
Gerund sentence: Troubleshooting hydraulic systems is a skill possessed by experienced motormen. Ukrainian: Виявлення та усунення несправностей гідравлічних систем - це вміння, яким володіють досвідчені мотористи
Explanation: The gerund phrase "Troubleshooting hydraulic systems" in the sentence "Troubleshooting hydraulic systems is a skill possessed by experienced motormen" highlights the active problem-solving ability and expertise of experienced motormen in addressing and resolving issues related to hydraulic systems, emphasizing the significance of this skill in their role.
4. Gerunds as Objects
4. Gerunds as Objects
10_7_4.wavHere's the detailed transcript of "Gerunds as Objects" along with the Ukrainian translation, including the introduction of the words that are followed by a gerund:
Teacher: Now that we have learned about gerunds as subjects, let's move on to understanding how gerunds can be used as objects in a sentence. Gerunds can function as objects when they follow certain verbs or expressions. Today, we will explore some common verbs that are often followed by gerunds.
Teacher: Якщо ми вже вивчили герундії як підмети, перейдемо до розуміння того, як герундії можуть використовуватись як об'єкти в реченні. Герундії можуть виконувати функцію об'єкта, коли вони слідують певним дієсловам або виразам. Сьогодні ми розглянемо деякі поширені дієслова, які часто вживаються з герундіями.
Teacher: Here is a list of verbs that are often followed by gerunds:
Teacher: Ось список дієслів, які часто вживаються з герундіями:
Verbs that are often followed by gerunds
Verbs that are often followed by gerunds
admit [ədˈmɪt] - визнавати, признавати
avoid [əˈvɔɪd] - уникати, ухилятися
can't stand [kɑːnt stænd] - не терпіти, не могти витримати
deny [dɪˈnaɪ] - заперечувати, відмовлятися
enjoy [ɪnˈdʒɔɪ] - насолоджуватися
feel like [fiːl laɪk] - мати бажання, мати настрій
finish [ˈfɪnɪʃ] - закінчувати
hate [heɪt] - ненавидіти
imagine [ɪˈmædʒɪn] - уявляти, уявити собі
keep [kiːp] - тримати, зберігати
11. like [laɪk] - подобатися
12. love [lʌv] - любити
13. mind [maɪnd] - мати щось проти, не хотіти
14. miss [mɪs] - сумувати за, пропускати
15. practise [ˈpræktɪs] - практикувати, займатися
16. prefer [prɪˈfɜː] - надавати перевагу
17. recommend [ˌrɛkəˈmɛnd] - рекомендувати
18. spend [spɛnd] - проводити (час), витрачати (гроші)
19. stop [stɒp] - зупиняти, переставати
20. suggest [səˈdʒɛst] - пропонувати, радити
Teacher: Let's look at some examples to better understand how these verbs are used with gerunds.
Teacher: Подивімось на деякі приклади, щоб краще зрозуміти, як ці дієслова використовуються з герундіями.
Poetry
Poetry
10_7_1poetry.wavBelow is a poetry using the grammatical structure “Verbs that are often followed by gerunds” and some of the keywords provided above. A gerund is a verb ending in “-ing” that functions as a noun. For example, “swimming” is a gerund form of the verb “swim”. Some verbs are often followed by gerunds, such as “enjoy”, “hate” or “suggest”. For example, you might say, “I enjoy swimming” or “He hates smoking”. Here is a poetry composed using this grammatical structure and some of the keywords provided above:
We are the ship's motormen
We work with machines and tools
We admit making mistakes sometimes
We avoid causing troubles
We can't stand wasting time or money
We deny being lazy or sloppy
We enjoy learning new skills and techniques
We feel like sharing our stories and tips
We finish doing our tasks on time
We hate having problems or delays
We imagine travelling around the world
We keep improving our performance
We like working as a team
We love being on the sea
We mind following the rules
We miss our families and friends
We practise using our tools and machines
We prefer being safe and efficient
We recommend checking the engine regularly
We spend hours on maintenance and repair
We stop working when we need a break
We suggest helping each other out
We are the ship's motormen
We are proud of what we do
A gerund is a verb ending in “-ing” that functions as a noun. For example, “swimming” is a gerund form of the verb “swim”. Some verbs are often followed by gerunds, such as “enjoy”, “hate” or “suggest”. For example, you might say, “I enjoy swimming” or “He hates smoking”.
In the poem, verbs that are often followed by gerunds are used in all stanzas. Each stanza has four sentences that use these verbs. The first sentence in each stanza uses a verb followed by a gerund, such as “admit making” or “avoid causing”. The gerund acts as the direct object of the verb and describes an action or a state. For example, “We admit making mistakes sometimes.” Here, “making mistakes sometimes” is the gerund and it describes an action that the ship’s motormen admit. The second sentence in each stanza follows the same pattern. The third and fourth sentences in each stanza use verbs followed by gerunds with prepositions, such as “enjoy learning” or “mind following”. The gerund acts as the object of the preposition and describes an action or a state. For example, “We enjoy learning new skills and techniques.” Here, “learning new skills and techniques” is the gerund and it describes an action that the ship’s motormen enjoy. The use of these verbs helps to show the feelings and attitudes of the ship’s motormen.
Exercise 2: Gerund Transformation Exercise.
Exercise 2: Gerund Transformation Exercise.
Instruction: Complete the sentences by transforming the given sentences using the gerund form of the verbs provided.
admit [ədˈmɪt] - визнавати, признавати
avoid [əˈvɔɪd] - уникати, ухилятися
can't stand [kɑːnt stænd] - не терпіти, не могти витримати
deny [dɪˈnaɪ] - заперечувати, відмовлятися
enjoy [ɪnˈdʒɔɪ] - насолоджуватися
2. feel like [fiːl laɪk] - мати бажання, мати настрій
3. finish [ˈfɪnɪʃ] - закінчувати
4. hate [heɪt] - ненавидіти
5. imagine [ɪˈmædʒɪn] - уявляти, уявити собі
6. keep [kiːp] - тримати, зберігати
Verb: "admit"
Transformation: "He admitted [...] a mistake in the engine room."
Answer: "He admitted making a mistake in the engine room."
(Він визнав, що припустився помилки у машинному відділенні.)
Explanation: The gerund phrase "making a mistake in the engine room" in the sentence "He admitted making a mistake in the engine room" exemplifies the use of the verb "admitted," which is commonly followed by a gerund, indicating the act of acknowledging or confessing the act of making an error within the engine room.
Verb: "avoid"
Transformation: "They avoid [...] sensitive topics during their shifts."
Answer: "They avoid discussing sensitive topics during their shifts."
(Вони уникають обговорення чутливих тем під час своїх змін.)
Explanation: The gerund phrase "discussing sensitive topics during their shifts" in the sentence "They avoid discussing sensitive topics during their shifts" showcases the verb "avoid," which frequently takes a gerund as its object, signifying their deliberate choice to refrain from engaging in conversations about sensitive subjects while on duty.
Verb: "can't stand"
Transformation: "She can't stand [...] overtime on the ship."
Answer: "She can't stand working overtime on the ship."
(Вона не терпить надноромої роботи на судні.)
Explanation: The gerund phrase "working overtime on the ship" in the sentence "She can't stand working overtime on the ship" illustrates the use of the verb "can't stand," which commonly takes a gerund as its complement, expressing her strong dislike or aversion towards the act of working additional hours on the ship.
Verb: "deny"
Transformation: "He denied [...] the engine malfunction."
Answer: "He denied causing the engine malfunction."
(Він заперечив, що спричинив поломку двигуна.)
Explanation: The gerund phrase "causing the engine malfunction" in the sentence "He denied causing the engine malfunction" exemplifies the verb "denied," which is frequently followed by a gerund, indicating his act of refuting or rejecting the allegation of being responsible for the engine malfunction.
Verb: "enjoy"
Transformation: "We enjoy [...] new routes on the ship."
Answer: "We enjoy exploring new routes on the ship."
(Ми насолоджуємося розробкою нових маршрутів для судна.)
Explanation: The gerund phrase "exploring new routes on the ship" in the sentence "We enjoy exploring new routes on the ship" demonstrates the verb "enjoy," which commonly takes a gerund as its object, expressing their pleasure and satisfaction derived from the activity of discovering and navigating uncharted paths while on the ship.
Verb: "feel like"
Transformation: "They feel like [...] a break from their duties."
Answer: "They feel like taking a break from their duties."
(Вони хочуть взяти перерву від своїх обов'язків.)
Explanation: The gerund phrase "taking a break from their duties" in the sentence "They feel like taking a break from their duties" exemplifies the verb "feel like," which frequently takes a gerund as its complement, expressing their desire or inclination to engage in the act of temporarily pausing or resting from their assigned tasks.
Verb: "finish"
Transformation: "She finished [...] the electrical system."
Answer: "She finished repairing the electrical system."
(Вона закінчила відновлення електричної системи.)
Explanation: In the sentence "She finished repairing the electrical system," the gerund phrase "repairing the electrical system" illustrates the verb "finished," which is commonly followed by a gerund, indicating the completion of the act of repairing the electrical system.
Verb: "hate"
Transformation: "He hates [...] the engine room."
Answer: "He hates cleaning the engine room."
(Він ненавидить чистити машинне відділення.)
Explanation: The gerund phrase "cleaning the engine room" in the sentence "He hates cleaning the engine room" exemplifies the verb "hates," which is frequently followed by a gerund, expressing his strong dislike or aversion towards the task of cleaning the engine room.
Verb: "imagine"
Transformation: "I can imagine [...] uncharted waters."
Answer: "I can imagine exploring uncharted waters."
(Я можу уявити дослідження невідомих вод.)
Explanation: The gerund phrase "exploring uncharted waters" in the sentence "I can imagine exploring uncharted waters" exemplifies the verb "imagine," which is commonly followed by a gerund, conveying the ability to envision or mentally picture oneself engaging in the activity of exploring unknown or unfamiliar waters.
Verb: "keep"
Transformation: "They keep [...] their technical skills."
Answer: "They keep improving their technical skills."
(Вони продовжують покращувати свої технічні навички.)
Explanation: The gerund phrase "improving their technical skills" in the sentence "They keep improving their technical skills" exemplifies the verb "keep," which is frequently followed by a gerund, emphasizing their continuous effort and commitment to enhancing their technical abilities over time.
Exercise 3: Gerund Transformation Exercise.
Exercise 3: Gerund Transformation Exercise.
Instruction: Complete the sentences by transforming the given sentences using the gerund form of the verbs provided.
11. like [laɪk] - подобатися
12. love [lʌv] - любити
13. mind [maɪnd] - мати щось проти, не хотіти
14. miss [mɪs] - сумувати за, пропускати
15. practise [ˈpræktɪs] - практикувати, займатися
16. prefer [prɪˈfɜː] - надавати перевагу
17. recommend [ˌrɛkəˈmɛnd] - рекомендувати
18. spend [spɛnd] - проводити (час), витрачати (гроші)
19. stop [stɒp] - зупиняти, переставати
20. suggest [səˈdʒɛst] - пропонувати, радити
Verb: "love"
Transformation: "She loves [...] the ship's engine room."
Answer: "She loves exploring the ship's engine room."
(Вона любить досліджувати машинне відділення корабля.)
Explanation: The gerund phrase "exploring the ship's engine room" in the sentence "She loves exploring the ship's engine room" exemplifies the verb "loves," which is frequently followed by a gerund, expressing her deep affection and enjoyment for the activity of investigating and discovering the various aspects of the ship's engine room.
Verb: "mind"
Transformation: "Do you mind [...] with the maintenance tasks?"
Answer: "Do you mind helping with the maintenance tasks?"
(Ви не заперечуєте допомогти з обслуговуванням?)
Explanation: The gerund phrase "helping with the maintenance tasks" in the sentence "Do you mind helping with the maintenance tasks?" exemplifies the verb "mind," which is frequently followed by a gerund, inquiring whether the person is willing to assist or participate in the activity of performing maintenance tasks.
Verb: "miss"
Transformation: "He misses [...] on the ship's deck."
Answer: He misses working on the ship's deck. ( (Йому не вистачає роботи на палубі корабля.)
Explanation: The gerund phrase "working on the ship's deck" in the sentence "He misses working on the ship's deck" exemplifies the verb "misses," which is often followed by a gerund, indicating his longing or nostalgia for the experience of engaging in the activity of working on the ship's deck.
Verb: "practice"
Transformation: "They practice [...] the ship's navigation systems."
Answer: They practice operating the ship's navigation systems. (Вони вправляються в роботі з навігаційними системами корабля.)
Explanation: The gerund phrase "operating the ship's navigation systems" in the sentence "They practice operating the ship's navigation systems" exemplifies the verb "practice," which is frequently followed by a gerund, highlighting their regular engagement in the activity of honing their skills in operating the ship's navigation systems through repetition and training.
Verb: "prefer"
Transformation: "I prefer [...] manual controls for the ship's engines."
Answer: I prefer using manual controls for the ship's engines. (Я віддаю перевагу використанню ручного керування для роботи з двигунами корабля.)
Explanation: The gerund phrase "using manual controls for the ship's engines" in the sentence "I prefer using manual controls for the ship's engines" exemplifies the verb "prefer," which is often followed by a gerund, indicating the speaker's personal inclination or choice to engage in the activity of utilizing manual controls for operating the ship's engines.
Verb: "recommend"
Transformation: "The captain recommends [...] stricter safety protocols."
Answer: The captain recommends implementing stricter safety protocols. (Капітан рекомендує впроваджувати більш суворі протоколи безпеки.)
Explanation: The gerund phrase "implementing stricter safety protocols" in the sentence "The captain recommends implementing stricter safety protocols" exemplifies the verb "recommends," which is often followed by a gerund, expressing the captain's suggestion or endorsement of the activity of putting into effect stricter safety protocols.
Verb: "spend"
Transformation: "We spend our weekends [...] the ship's equipment."
Answer: "We spend our weekends maintaining the ship's equipment."
(Ми проводимо свої вихідні обслуговуючи обладнання корабля.)
Explanation:
The gerund phrase "maintaining the ship's equipment" in the sentence "We spend our weekends maintaining the ship's equipment" exemplifies the verb "spend," which is often followed by a gerund, indicating how the weekends are allocated to the activity of dedicating time and effort to the ongoing task of maintaining the ship's equipment.
Verb: "stop"
Transformation: "He stopped [...] when he joined the crew."
Answer:
He stopped smoking when he joined the crew. (Він припинив курити, коли приєднався до команди.)
Explanation: The gerund phrase "smoking" in the sentence "He stopped smoking when he joined the crew" exemplifies the verb "stopped," which is often followed by a gerund, indicating the action of ceasing or discontinuing the habit of smoking upon joining the crew.
Verb: "suggest"
Transformation: "She suggests [...] eco-friendly fuels for the ship."
Answer: She suggests using eco-friendly fuels for the ship. (Вона пропонує використовувати екологічні види топлива для корабля.)
Explanation: The gerund phrase "using eco-friendly fuels for the ship" in the sentence "She suggests using eco-friendly fuels for the ship" exemplifies the verb "suggests," which is often followed by a gerund, expressing her proposal or recommendation for the activity of utilizing environmentally friendly fuels in order to power the ship.
Verb: "recommend"
Transformation: "The chief engineer recommends [...] the engine room regularly."
Answer:
The chief engineer recommends inspecting the engine room regularly. (Головний інженер рекомендує регулярно перевіряти машинне відділення.)
Explanation: The gerund phrase "inspecting the engine room regularly" in the sentence "The chief engineer recommends inspecting the engine room regularly" exemplifies the verb "recommends," which is often followed by a gerund, indicating the chief engineer's suggestion or endorsement of the activity of regularly examining and assessing the condition of the engine room.
5. Practice Activity
5. Practice Activity
10_7_5.wavExercise 4: Verb Transformation Exercise
Exercise 4: Verb Transformation Exercise
Instruction: In this exercise, you will need to transform the given sentences using the appropriate verb form. Some answers may not be gerunds. Choose the correct verb form to complete each sentence based on the given context.
EXPECTED
The motorman ____________________ on time for his shift.
Answer: is expected to arrive
The motorman is expected to arrive on time for his shift.
Explanation: "Expected" is a passive verb, so we use the structure "be + expected + to + base form of the verb" to show that someone expects something to happen.
STARTED
The crew members ____________________ the engine immediately.
Answer: started repairing
The crew members started repairing the engine immediately.
Explanation: "Started" is the past tense of the verb "start." In this case, it is used to show that the action of repairing the engine began.
ADVISED
The captain ____________________ the fuel levels regularly.
Answer: advised checking
The captain advised checking the fuel levels regularly.
Explanation: "Advised" is followed by the base form of the verb. In this case, it means that the captain gave the advice to check the fuel levels regularly.
ENJOYS
The motorman ____________________ with the ship's machinery.
Answer: enjoys working
The motorman enjoys working with the ship's machinery.
Explanation: "Enjoys" is followed by the gerund form of the verb. In this case, it means that the motorman finds pleasure or satisfaction in working with the ship's machinery.
PROHIBITED
Smoking ____________________ in the engine room.
Answer: was prohibited
Smoking was prohibited in the engine room. Explanation: "Prohibited" is the past tense of the verb "prohibit." In this case, it is used to show that smoking was not allowed in the engine room.
RESPONSIBLE
The crew members ____________________ the motor's performance.
Answer: are responsible for maintaining
The crew members are responsible for maintaining the motor's performance.
Explanation: "Are responsible for maintaining" is used to show that the crew members have the duty or obligation to keep the motor's performance in good condition.
SUGGESTED
The captain ____________________ the engine speed.
Answer: suggested adjusting
The captain suggested adjusting the engine speed. Explanation: "Suggested" is followed by the base form of the verb. In this case, it means that the captain made a suggestion to adjust the engine speed.
AVOIDED
The motorman ____________________ any mistakes during the inspection.
Answer: avoided making
The motorman avoided making any mistakes during the inspection.
Explanation: "Avoided" is followed by the gerund form of the verb. In this case, it means that the motorman prevented or stayed away from making any mistakes during the inspection.
OBSERVED
They ____________________ the motorman test the emergency procedures.
Answer: observed the motorman testing
They observed the motorman testing the emergency procedures.
Explanation: "Observed" is followed by the gerund form of the verb. In this case, it means that they watched or witnessed the motorman testing the emergency procedures.
SPENT
The crew members ____________________ in the engine control room.
Answer: spent time training
The crew members spent time training in the engine control room.
Explanation: "Spent time" is used to show that the crew members used a certain amount of time for training in the engine control room.
Afterword 10_7.wavAfterword:
Afterword:
Congratulations on completing today's lesson on gerunds! You have learned about the different functions of gerunds as subjects and objects, and you have discovered common verbs that are frequently followed by gerunds. By practicing with transformation exercises, you have gained confidence in using gerunds in various sentence structures. Remember, using gerunds correctly will greatly enhance your English fluency and allow you to express yourself more effectively. Keep practicing and incorporating gerunds into your daily English usage. The more you use them, the more natural they will become. Well done, and keep up the great work!
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