Verb: Past Perfect Continuous

Objective: By the end of this lesson, students will be able to understand and use the Past Perfect Continuous tense in the context of ship's motormen. They will also activate vocabulary related to their field and incorporate phrasal verbs into their spoken and written communication. This lesson will include a classroom display with various exercises to engage students actively.

Materials:

Chalk board; Classroom display
Chalk; Notebook
Workbooks, handout with exercises (prepared in advance)
Website.

Foreword: To assist you further in this lesson, let's familiarize ourselves with some important keywords related to ship's motormen. I'll provide the British English pronunciation along with the Ukrainian translation for better understanding and pronunciation practice.
Warm-up: Engage the students in a brief discussion about the role of ship's motormen and the key responsibilities they hold. Encourage students to share their thoughts and experiences related to engine monitoring, repair work, and maintenance.
Past Perfect Continuous and its purpose in English: Explain the concept of the Past Perfect Continuous tense and its significance in the context of ship's motormen. Discuss how this verb form is used to describe ongoing actions or situations that started before a specific time in the past and continued up until that time. Emphasize the role of the Past Perfect Continuous tense in highlighting the duration and continuity of the motormen's actions.
Exercise 1: Complete the following sentences with the appropriate form of the verb in parentheses. Focus on using the Past Perfect Continuous tense to accurately convey the ongoing nature of the actions performed by motormen.
Exercise 2: Complete the following sentences with the appropriate form of the Ukrainian verb in parentheses. Practice using the Past Perfect Continuous tense in Ukrainian to reinforce understanding and application.
Exercise 3: Rewrite the following sentences using the Past Perfect Continuous tense. Pay attention to the context and ensure the continuity and duration of the actions are expressed accurately.
Exercise 4: In each mini-dialogue, select the appropriate action related to the given situation using the provided vocabulary. This time, focus on using the Past Perfect Continuous tense to describe the continuous actions or situations depicted in the dialogues.
Exercise 5: In this exercise, you will need to transform the given sentences using the appropriate verb form. Some answers may require changes in verb tense, voice, or structure. Choose the correct verb form to complete each sentence based on the given context. Ensure that your response maintains the meaning of the original sentence and accurately applies the Past Perfect Continuous tense.
Wrap-up and Reflection: Recap the main points of the lesson, emphasizing the use of the Past Perfect Continuous tense in the context of ship's motormen. Discuss the significance of expressing continuity and duration in their actions and responsibilities. Allow students to reflect on their learning experience and share any insights or challenges they encountered during the lesson.
Afterword: Congratulations on completing this lesson! You have explored the usage of the Past Perfect Continuous tense in the context of ship's motormen. Continue to practice and incorporate this verb form into your language skills to enhance your ability to communicate effectively in the maritime field. Remember to utilize the Past Perfect Continuous tense to convey dedication, perseverance, and attention to detail in your crucial role as ship's motormen.

YouTube Description: In this engaging English lesson, we delve into the world of ship's motormen and explore the usage of the Past Perfect Continuous tense. Join us as we uncover the purpose and application of this verb form in describing the ongoing actions and responsibilities of motormen on board ships. From engine monitoring to repair work, we'll learn how the Past Perfect Continuous tense helps to convey the duration and continuity of their tasks. Engage in interactive exercises and transform sentences to solidify your understanding of this important tense. Enhance your language skills in the maritime industry and communicate with precision as a ship's motorman.

Keywords:

Past Perfect Continuous tense
Ship's motormen
Engine monitoring
Repair work
Maritime industry
English lesson
Verb forms
Ongoing actions
Duration and continuity
Language skills
Communication in maritime field

Podcast Description: Welcome to an engaging English lesson hosted by Oleksiy Fesenko, where we embark on a journey into the world of ship's motormen and explore the usage of the Past Perfect Continuous tense. Join us as we uncover the purpose and application of this verb form in describing the ongoing actions and responsibilities of motormen on board ships. From engine monitoring to repair work, we delve into how the Past Perfect Continuous tense helps convey the duration and continuity of their tasks. Engage in interactive exercises and practice transforming sentences to solidify your understanding of this important tense. Enhance your language skills in the maritime industry and communicate with precision as a ship's motorman. Don't miss this opportunity to improve your language proficiency and excel in your role on board ships!

Foreword:

Welcome to this lesson on the past perfect continuous tense for ship's motormen. In this lesson, we will explore how this verb tense is used to describe ongoing actions or situations in the past that started before a specific time and continued up until that time. As ship's motormen play a crucial role in maintaining and repairing engines, understanding this tense will help you accurately express the duration and continuity of their actions. By the end of this lesson, you will have a solid grasp of the past perfect continuous tense and be able to apply it effectively in the context of ship operations. Let's dive in!

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Warm-up.

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Before we begin, I want to let you know that we will be using our classroom monitor screen for this lesson. I will be displaying presentations, examples, and exercises on the screen to help us understand and practice the material. Make sure to pay attention to the screen throughout the lesson.

To assist you further in the lesson, let's go through some important keywords related to ship's motormen. I'll provide the British English pronunciation along with the Ukrainian translation:

Engine [ˈɛnʤɪn] - Двигун
Repair [rɪˈpɛə] - Ремонт
Fuel [fjuːəl] - Паливо
Consumption [kənˈsʌmpʃən] - Споживання
Monitoring [ˈmɒnɪtərɪŋ] - Моніторинг
Troubleshooting [ˈtrʌblʃuːtɪŋ] - Виявлення й усунення несправностей
Fire alarm [faɪər əˈlɑːm] - Пожежна сигналізація
Carry out maintenance [ˈkæri aʊt ˈmeɪntənəns] - Виконувати технічне обслуговування

Check on the status [ʧɛk ɒn ðə ˈsteɪtəs] - Перевіряти стан
Keep up with repairs [kiːp ʌp wɪð rɪˈpɛəz] - Вчасно виконувати ремонтні роботи
Fill up the fuel tanks [fɪl ʌp ðə fjuːəl tæŋks] - Заповнювати паливні баки
Carry out (perform) inspections [ˈkæri aʊt ɪnˈspɛkʃənz] - Проводити перевірки
Take apart the engine [teɪk əˈpɑːt ðiː ˈɛnʤɪn] - Розбирати двигун
Put back together [pʊt bæk təˈgɛðər] - Збирати знову

Poetry

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The past perfect continuous is a verb tense that shows that an action started in the past and continued up to another point in the past. The past perfect continuous is formed by using had + been + present participle. For example, “They had been working on the engine for two hours when the fire alarm went off.” Here is a poetry that I created using this grammatical structure and some of the keywords provided above:

We are the ship's motormen

We work with the engine and the fuel

We had been repairing the engine for a week

When we finally fixed the issue

We are the ship's motormen

We monitor the fuel consumption and level

We had been filling up the fuel tanks every day

When we noticed a leak in the vessel

We are the ship's motormen

We troubleshoot any problem or error

We had been taking apart the engine for inspection

When we found a broken part in the rotor

We are the ship's motormen

We carry out maintenance and repairs

We had been putting back together the engine parts

When we tested it and it worked

We are the ship's motormen

We keep up with our duties and tasks

We had been working hard and smart

When we completed our mission at last

In the poem, the past perfect continuous is used in all stanzas. Each stanza has four sentences that use this verb tense. The first sentence in each stanza introduces the subject and the object of the action, such as “We work with the engine and the fuel” or “We troubleshoot any problem or error”. The second sentence in each stanza uses the past perfect continuous to describe an action that started and continued in the past, such as “We had been repairing the engine for a week” or “We had been taking apart the engine for inspection”. The third sentence in each stanza uses the word “when” to introduce another point in the past that interrupted or ended the action, such as “when we finally fixed the issue” or “when we found a broken part in the rotor”. The fourth sentence in each stanza describes the result or consequence of the action, such as “it worked” or “we completed our mission at last”. The use of this verb tense helps to show the duration and completion of the ship’s motormen’s actions.

I hope you're all doing well. Let's start today's lesson by talking about our experiences as ship's motormen.

Can you share a little bit about your roles and responsibilities as motormen on a ship?

As a trainee ship's motorman, I will soon begin my practical training to learn and develop the necessary skills in the field. Throughout my training, I will focus on key areas such as engine monitoring, carrying out maintenance tasks, troubleshooting and repairs, conducting inspections, and ensuring fuel consumption efficiency. I will have the opportunity to check on the status of the engine and learn how to keep up with repairs to support the ship's operation.

Additionally, I will gain hands-on experience filling up the fuel tanks and performing inspections to ensure everything is in proper working order. As part of my training, I will also learn how to assist in taking apart the engine for maintenance purposes and putting it back together correctly. This practical training will be a valuable opportunity for me to acquire the necessary skills and knowledge to become a proficient ship's motorman.

Як судновий моторист-стажер, я незабаром буду проходити практику, щоб здобути та покращити необхідні навички в цій галузі. Під час навчання я зверну увагу на виконання таких ключових завдань, як моніторинг двигуна, виконання завдань з технічного обслуговування, усунення несправностей і ремонт, проведення перевірок і забезпечення ефективного споживання топлива. Я матиму можливість перевіряти стан двигуна та вчасно виконувати ремонтні роботи, щоб забезпечити роботу судна.

Крім того, я здобуду практичний досвід заправки паливних баків і виконання перевірок, щоб бути впевненим, що все працює належним чином. У рамках мого навчання я також навчуся, як допомагати розбирати двигун для технічного обслуговування та правильно його складати. Це практичне навчання стане для мене цінною можливістю отримати необхідні навички та знання, щоб стати досвідченим судновим мотористом.

Past Perfect Continuous and its purpose in English:

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Today, I'm excited to introduce you to a new tense called the Past Perfect Continuous. This tense is used to describe actions that were ongoing in the past and had a duration before another past event. It's an important tense for ship's motormen, as it allows us to talk about the continuous actions we perform in our field.

To start, let's take a look at the structure of the Past Perfect Continuous tense. On the board, I have written the formula:

had + been + verb-ing

This helps us form sentences in this tense.

Now, let's dive into some examples related to ship's motormen to make it more relevant to our field. I'll display these examples on the classroom display, incorporating vocabulary and phrasal verbs we use in our work. Here are a couple of examples:

By the time the captain arrived, we had been repairing the engine for two hours.
They had been monitoring the fuel consumption all night.

These sentences show ongoing actions that were happening in the past and had a duration before another past event. The Past Perfect Continuous tense helps us express this continuous aspect of our work.

I would like to hear from you now. Can you think of situations in which ship's motormen might use the Past Perfect Continuous tense to describe their experiences? Let's have a brief discussion and share our ideas. Raise your hand if you have an example or scenario in mind.

[The tudents engage in a discussion, to share their thoughts and examples.]

Сьогодні я радий представити вам новий час під назвою минулий тривалий доконаний час. Цей час використовується для опису дій, які тривали впродовж деякого часу в минулому аж до якоїсь іншої минулої події. Цей час важливий для суднових мотористів, оскільки він дозволяє обговорювати постійні дії, необхідні для виконання типові робіт.

Для початку давайте роглянемо структуру часу Past Perfect Continuous. На дошці я записав формулу:

had + been + verb-ing

Вона допоможе нам складати речення використовуючи цей часі.

Тепер давайте зануримося в деякі приклади, пов’язані з роботою суднових мотористів, типовою для виконання робіт. Гляньте на екран, зверніть увагу на лексику та фразові дієслова, які ми маємо сьогодні. Ось кілька прикладів:

Коли капітан приїхав, ми вже як дві години ремонтували двигун.
Вони цілу ніч стежили за витратою палива.

Ці речення споіщають про поточні дії, які тривали впродовж деякого часу в минулому аж до якоїсь іншої минулої події. Past Perfect Continuous - це час який підкреслює безперервний аспект нашої роботи.

А зараз я хочу поцікавитися. В яких ситуаціях суднові мотористи могли б застосувати Past Perfect Continuous для опису власного досвіду? Давайте коротко обговоримо та поділимося своїми думками. Підніміть руку, якщо ви знаєте приклад або ситуацію.

[Студенти беруть участь в обговоренні, діляться своїми думками та прикладами.]

Some examples from the students.

The engineers had been repairing the engine for several hours before the captain arrived.
By the time the ship docked, the crew had been working tirelessly for days.
She had been monitoring the fuel consumption since they had left the port.
The team had been checking the propeller alignment throughout the voyage.
The motormen had been conducting routine maintenance every week before the storm hit.
The technicians had been calibrating the navigation instruments when the emergency alarm went off.
The chief engineer had been supervising the repairs all night long.
They had been troubleshooting the electrical system before it finally malfunctioned.
Before the issue arose, the crew had been investigating the unusual noise from the engine room.
The mechanics had been adjusting the valves for hours before the scheduled maintenance was due.

Great job, everyone! It's clear that the Past Perfect Continuous tense is useful in describing our experiences as ship's motormen. Now, let's move on to some exercises to ensure we've grasped the topic. I'll provide you with two exercises to practice forming sentences in the Past Perfect Continuous tense. Let's work on them together.

Чудово! Зрозуміло, що Past Perfect Continuous корисний для опису власного досвіду мотористів. Тепер давайте перейдемо до деяких вправ, щоб переконатися, що ми зрозуміли тему. Я запропоную вам дві вправи, для практики утворення речень у часі Past Perfect Continuous. Давайте попрацюємо над ними разом.

Exercise 1

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Complete the following sentences with the appropriate form of the verb in parentheses:

Question: What were they doing when the fire alarm went off? (to troubleshoot the engine)

Answer: They had been troubleshooting the engine.

Explanation: Before the fire alarm went off, they were already in the process of troubleshooting the engine. This action had started before the fire alarm event.

Question: What were we doing when the captain called for assistance? (to carry out maintenance tasks)

Answer: We had been carrying out maintenance tasks.

Explanation: Prior to the captain's call for assistance, we were already engaged in performing maintenance tasks. This ongoing action had started before the captain's request for help.

Quesion: What were you monitoring when the power outage occurred? (to monitor the fuel consumption)

Answer: I had been monitoring the fuel consumption.

Explanation: When the power outage happened, you were already in the process of monitoring the fuel consumption. This ongoing action had started before the power outage event.

Question: What were the engineers repairing when the storm hit? (to repair the electrical system)

Answer: The engineers had been repairing the electrical system. Explanation: Before the storm hit, the engineers were actively involved in repairing the electrical system. This ongoing action had started before the occurrence of the storm.

Question: What were the crew members doing when the engine malfunctioned? (to check on the status of the engine)

Answer: The crew members had been checking on the status of the engine.

Explanation: Prior to the engine malfunction, the crew members were involved in checking the status of the engine. This ongoing action had started before the engine malfunctioned.

Question: What were the technicians inspecting when the alarm sounded? (to carry out inspections)

Answer: The technicians had been carrying out inspections.

Explanation: When the alarm sounded, the technicians were already in the process of carrying out inspections. This ongoing action had started before the alarm event.

Question: What were the mechanics doing when the engine suddenly stopped? (to take apart the engine)

Answer: The mechanics had been taking apart the engine.

Explanation: Before the engine suddenly stopped, the mechanics were engaged in the task of taking apart the engine. This ongoing action had started before the engine stopped.

Question: What were the motormen filling up when the fuel supply ran out? (to fill up the fuel tanks)

Answer: The motormen had been filling up the fuel tanks.

Explanation: Prior to the fuel supply running out, the motormen were actively involved in filling up the fuel tanks. This ongoing action had started before the fuel supply depletion.

Exercise 2

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Complete the following sentences with the appropriate form of the Ukrainian verb in parentheses:

Question: What were they doing when the fire alarm went off? (виявляти та усувати несправності)

Answer: They had been troubleshooting the engine.

Explanation: Before the fire alarm went off, they were already in the process of troubleshooting the engine. This action had started before the fire alarm event. - Вони вже тривалий час виявляли та усували несправності двигуна. Відновлення пожежної сигналізації сталась після того, як вони почали виконувати цю дію.

Question: What were they doing when the captain called for assistance? (виконувати обслуговування двигуна)

Answer: They had been carrying out maintenance tasks.

Explanation: Before the captain called for assistance, they were already engaged in performing maintenance tasks. This ongoing action had started prior to the captain's call. - Вони вже тривалий час виконували технічне обслуговування. Виклик капітана на допомогу стався після того, як вони почали виконувати цю дію.

Question: What were they doing when they started monitoring the fuel consumption? (виконувати завдання з технічного обслуговування двигуна)

Answer: They had been carrying out maintenance tasks.

Explanation: Before they started monitoring the fuel consumption, they had already been engaged in performing maintenance tasks. This ongoing action had started prior to the moment of fuel consumption monitoring. - Перед тим, як вони розпочали моніторинг споживання палива, вони вже займалися виконанням технічного обслуговування. Ця тривала (виконання технІчного завдання) дія розпочалася до моменту моніторингу споживання палива.

Question: What were they doing when they started repairing the electrical system? (виконувати технічне завдання з обслуговування двигуна)

Answer: They had been carrying out maintenance tasks.

Explanation: Before they started repairing the electrical system, they were already engaged in performing maintenance tasks. This ongoing action had started prior to the moment of electrical system repair. - Перед початком ремонту електричної системи вони вже займалися виконанням технічного обслуговування. Ця тривала дія розпочалася до моменту ремонту електричної системи.

Question: What were they doing when they started checking on the status of the engine? (перевіряти роботу двигуна)

Answer: They had been monitoring the engine performance.

Explanation: Before they started checking on the status of the engine, they were already actively monitoring its performance. This ongoing action had started prior to the moment of checking the engine's status. - Перш ніж вони почали перевіряти стан двигуна, вони вже активно контролювали його роботу. Ця тривала дія почалася до моменту перевірки стану двигуна.

Question: What were they doing when they starteв carrying out inspections? (моніторили роботу двигуна)

Answer: They had been monitoring the engine performance.

Explanation: Before they started carrying out inspections, they had already been actively monitoring the engine's performance. This ongoing action had started prior to the moment of conducting inspections. - Перед тим, як вони почали перевірку, вони вже активно відстежували роботу двигуна. Ця триваюча дія розпочалась перед моментом проведення перевірок.

Question: What were they doing when they took apart the engine? (проводили перевірку)

Answer: They had been carrying out inspections.

Explanation: Before they took apart the engine, they had been actively conducting inspections. This ongoing action had started prior to the moment of dismantling the engine. - Пояснення: Перед тим, як вони розбирали двигун, вони вже активно проводили перевірки. Ця триваюча дія розпочалась перед моментом розбирання двигуна.

Question: What were they doing when they filled up the fuel tanks? (моніторити споживання топлива)

Answer: They had been monitoring the fuel consumption.

Explanation: Before they filled up the fuel tanks, they had been actively monitoring the fuel consumption. This ongoing action had started prior to the moment of fuel tank refilling. - Перед тим, як вони заповнювали паливні баки, вони активно моніторили споживання палива. Ця триваюча дія розпочалась перед моментом заповнення паливних баків.

Question: What were they doing when they started monitoring the engine performance? (проводити перевірки)

Answer: They had been carrying out inspections.

Explanation: Before they started monitoring the engine performance, they had been actively carrying out inspections. This ongoing action had started prior to the moment of engine performance monitoring. - Перед тим, як вони почали контролювали роботу двигуна, вони активно проводили перевірки. Ця триваюча дія розпочалась перед моментом контролю роботи двигуна.

Question: What were they doing when they put back the engine parts together? (розбирати двигуна)

Answer: They had been taking apart the engine.

Explanation: Before they put back the engine parts together, they had been in the process of taking apart the engine. This ongoing action had started prior to the moment of reassembling the engine. - Перед тим, як зібрати двигуна, вони його робирали. Ця триваюча дія розпочалась перед моментом збирання двигуна.

Exercise 3

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Rewrite the following sentences using the Past Perfect Continuous tense:

By the time the captain called for assistance, the engineers had been [...] (troubleshoot) the engine for hours.

Troubleshoot the engine - Виявляти й усувати несправності двигуна

Answer: By the time the captain called for assistance, the engineers had been troubleshooting (troubleshoot) the engine for hours.

Explanation: This indicates that the engineers started troubleshooting the engine before the captain's call and continued doing so for a prolonged period of time. Ukrainian translation: Коли капітан викликав допомогу, інженери вже багато годин як виявляли й усували несправності двигуна.

Before the inspection, the crew had already [...] (carry out) maintenance tasks.

Carry out maintenance tasks - Виконувати технічне обслуговування

Answer: Before the inspection, the crew had already carried out (carry out) maintenance tasks.

Explanation: This suggests that the crew completed the maintenance tasks before the inspection took place. Ukrainian translation: Перед перевіркою команда вже виконала технічне обслуговування.

When the alarm went off, the motormen had been [...] (monitor) the fuel consumption all night.

Monitor the fuel consumption - Моніторити споживання палива

Answer: When the alarm went off, the motormen had been monitoring (monitor) the fuel consumption all night.

Explanation: The motormen were already engaged in the ongoing action of monitoring fuel consumption when the alarm sounded. Ukrainian translation: Коли спрацював сигнал тривоги, мотористи вже як усю ніч моніторили споживання палива.

Before the scheduled maintenance, the engineers had been [...] (repair) the electrical system.

Repair the electrical system - Ремонтувати електричну систему

Answer: Before the scheduled maintenance, the engineers had been repairing (repair) the electrical system.

Explanation: The engineers were already in the process of repairing the electrical system before the scheduled maintenance. Ukrainian translation: Перед запланованим технічним обслуговуванням, інженери вже займалися ремонтом електричної системи.

By the time the supervisor arrived, the crew had been [...] on the status (check) of the engine.

Check on the status of the engine - Перевіряти стан двигуна

Answer: By the time the supervisor arrived, the crew had been checking on the status (check) of the engine.

Explanation: The crew was already actively involved in checking the engine's status before the supervisor's arrival. Ukrainian translation: Коли прибув супервайзер, команда вже перевіряла стан двигуна.

Before the incident, the motormen had been [...] with repairs (keep up).

Carry out inspections - Проводити перевірки

Answer: Before the incident, the motormen had been keeping up with repairs (keep up).

Explanation: The motormen were continuously performing repairs before the incident occurred. Ukrainian translation: Перед виникненням надзвичайної події, мотористи вже виконували ремонтні роботи.

When the departure time came, the engineers had been [...] (fill up) the fuel tanks.

Take apart the engine - Розбирати двигун

Answer: When the departure time came, the engineers had been filling up (fill up) the fuel tanks.

Explanation: The engineers started filling up the fuel tanks before the departure time and were still in the process when it arrived. Ukrainian translation: Коли настав час відправлення, інженери вже заповнювали паливні баки.

By the time their shift ended, the motormen had been [...] (monitor) the engine performance.

Fill up the fuel tanks - Заповнювати паливні баки

Answer: By the time their shift ended, the motormen had been monitoring (monitor) the engine performance.

Explanation: The motormen had been continuously monitoring the engine performance until the end of their shift. Ukrainian translation: Коли закінчилася їх зміна, мотористи вже слідкували за продуктивність двигуна.

Before the breakdown occurred, the crew had been [...] (take apart) the engine for maintenance.

Monitor the engine performance - Моніторити продуктивність двигуна

Answer: Before the breakdown occurred, the crew had been taking apart (take apart) the engine for maintenance.

Explanation: The crew was already in the process of disassembling the engine for maintenance before the breakdown happened. Ukrainian translation: Перед поломкою команда вже розбирала двигун для технічного обслуговування.

When the repair was completed, the engineers had been [...] (put back together) the engine parts.

Put back the engine parts together - Збирати знову деталі двигуна

Answer: When the repair was completed, the engineers had been putting back together (put back together) the engine parts.

Explanation: The engineers were in the process of reassembling the engine parts when the repair was finished. Ukrainian translation: Коли ремонт був завершений, інженери вже збирали знову деталі двигуна.

Exercise 4.

. . 1 In each mini-dialogue, the missing line requires selecting the appropriate action related to the given situation using the provided vocabulary. The correct answers and explanations are provided above.

. . 2 In each mini-dialogue, the missing line requires selecting the appropriate action related to the given situation using the provided vocabulary, now with the Past Perfect Continuous tense. The correct answers and explanations are provided above.

3.1. 1

X: This engine is not functioning properly. We need to _________________.

Y: Sure, I'll take care of it.

A. Carry out maintenance.

B. Troubleshoot the engine.

C. Fill up the fuel tanks.

Answer:

3.1. We need to troubleshoot the engine. - Виявити й усунути несправність двигуна.

Explanation: The use of the present simple tense "We need to troubleshoot the engine" suggests a general or ongoing need for troubleshooting the engine, while the present perfect continuous tense "We have been troubleshooting the engine" would imply that the troubleshooting activity has been happening continuously or recently leading up to the present moment.

3.1. 2

3.1. X: The engine had stopped working suddenly. Had you been _?

Y: Yes, I had. I was working on fixing it.

A. Monitoring the engine performance?

B. Troubleshooting the engine?

C. Checking on the status of the engine?

Answer:

X: The engine had stopped working suddenly. Had you been troubleshooting the engine?

Y: Yes, I had. I was working on fixing it.

Explanation: "Had you been troubleshooting the engine?" is the past perfect continuous tense. It suggests that the person being addressed had been engaged in troubleshooting the engine at some point in the past. It indicates that the troubleshooting activity was happening before a specific time or event in the past. This question implies that the person is being asked about their actions leading up to a particular point in the past.

3.2. 1

X: We need to [...] to ensure everything is in order.

Y: I'll get started right away.

A. Put back the engine parts together.

B. Check on the status of the engine.

C. Perform inspections.

Answer: We need to check on the status of the engine to ensure everything is in order. - Перевірити стан двигуна.

Explanation: The use of the present simple tense "We need to check on the status of the engine" suggests a general or recurring need to assess the engine's condition, while the present perfect continuous tense "We have been checking on the status of the engine" implies a continuous or recent activity of monitoring the engine's status leading up to the present moment.

3.2. 2

3.2. X: I noticed a strange noise coming from the engine room. Have you been [...] ?

Y: Yes, I have. I've been carrying out maintenance tasks.

A. Carrying out maintenance?

B. Filling up the fuel tanks?

C. Checking the fuel consumption?

Answer:

X: I noticed a strange noise coming from the engine room. Have you been carrying out maintenance tasks?

Y: Yes, I have. I've been carrying out maintenance tasks.

Explanation: X notices a strange noise coming from the engine room and asks if Y has been carrying out maintenance tasks to address it. The correct tense to use in this case is the present perfect continuous tense. This implies that the person being addressed has been performing maintenance tasks leading up to the present moment. It suggests that the maintenance tasks have been ongoing or recently completed.

3.3. 1

X: The fire alarm went off. Did you [...] ?

Y: Yes, I did. There seems to be no fire.

A. Monitor the engine performance.

B. Repair the electrical system.

C. Monitor the fuel consumption.

Answer:

3.3. The fire alarm went off. Did you repair the electrical system. - Відремонтувати електричну систему.

Explanation:

The use of the present simple tense "The fire alarm went off. Did you repair the electrical system" suggests a specific past event and inquiring about a completed action, while the present perfect continuous tense "The fire alarm has been going off. Have you been repairing the electrical system" implies an ongoing or repeated action related to the fire alarm and inquiring about the continuous progress of the repairs.

3.3.2

3.3. X: The fire alarm went off. Had you been [...] ?

Y: Yes, I had. I was performing inspections.

A. Monitoring the engine performance?

B. Repairing the electrical system?

C. Carrying out inspections?

Answer:

X: The fire alarm went off. Had you been carrying out inspections?

Y: Yes, I had. I was performing inspections.

Explanation: X mentions the fire alarm going off, and Y confirms that they had been performing inspections at that time. It suggests that the person being asked had been engaged in carrying out inspections for a period of time before the fire alarm sounded. The past perfect continuous is formed by using had + been + present participle (-ing form) of the verb.

This tense helps to establish a past context and show a connection between two past actions or events.

3.4.1

X: Before the accident happened, we [...] to identify any issues.

Y: That's good practice. It helps prevent such incidents.

A. Had been monitoring the engine performance.

B. Had been carrying out inspections.

C. Had been troubleshooting the engine.

Answer:

3.4. Before the accident happened, we had been carrying out inspections to identify any issues. - Виконували перевірки.

Explanation: The use of the past perfect continuous tense "Before the accident happened, we had been carrying out inspections to identify any issues" implies that the inspections were ongoing or in progress prior to the occurrence of the accident, emphasizing the continuity and duration of the inspection activities leading up to that point in the past.

3.4.2

3.4. X: The fuel tanks were almost empty. Had you been [...] ?

Y: Yes, I had. I was monitoring the fuel consumption.

A. Filling up the fuel tanks?

B. Monitoring the fuel consumption?

C. Troubleshooting the engine?

Answer:

X: The fuel tanks were almost empty. Had you been monitoring the fuel consumption?

Y: Yes, I had. I was monitoring the fuel consumption.

Explanation: X comments on the low fuel levels, and Y confirms that they had been monitoring the fuel consumption. The use of the past perfect continuous is to indicate an ongoing or continuous action that happened before another past action or event. It suggests that the person being addressed had been monitoring the fuel consumption for a period of time before the fuel tanks became almost empty.

Example: The fuel tanks were almost empty because I hadn't been monitoring the fuel consumption.

The past perfect continuous is formed by using had + been + present participle (-ing form) of the verb. It is often used to provide background information or to describe an action that was in progress in the past before another action or event took place.

3.5. 1

X: The engine stopped working suddenly. Did you [...] ?

Y: Yes, I did. I'm working on fixing it.

A. Take apart the engine.

B. Check on the status of the engine.

C. Carry out maintenance.

Answer:

3.5. The engine stopped working suddenly did you check on the status of the engine? - Перевірити стан двигуна.

Explanation: The usage of the past simple "stopped" suggests a completed action, while the present perfect continuous "have you been checking" implies an ongoing or repeated action leading up to the present moment.

3.5. 2

3.5. X: The ship's systems were malfunctioning. Had you been [...] ?

Y: Yes, I had. I was checking on the status of the engine.

A. Troubleshooting the engine?

B. Carrying out maintenance?

C. Checking on the status of the engine?

Answer:

X: The ship's systems were malfunctioning. Had you been checking on the status of the engine?

Y: Yes, I had. I was checking on the status of the engine.

Explanation: X states that the ship's systems were malfunctioning, and Y confirms that they had been checking on the status of the engine to assess the situation.

The use of the past perfect continuous tense is to indicate an ongoing or continuous action that happened before a past event or state. It suggests that the person being addressed had been regularly or continuously checking on the status of the engine before the ship's systems started malfunctioning.

Example: The ship's systems were malfunctioning because I hadn't been checking on the status of the engine regularly.

The past perfect continuous tense is formed by using had + been + present participle (-ing form) of the verb. It is often used to talk about an action that was ongoing until a specific point in the past or to explain the cause of a past situation.

Exercise 5.

10_10_7.wav

In this exercise, you will need to transform the given sentences using the appropriate verb form. Some answers may require changes in verb tense, voice, or structure. Choose the correct verb form to complete each sentence based on the given context. Keep in mind that your response should maintain the meaning of the original sentence. Write your answers in the space provided.

Keyword: ENGINE

The ship's motormen [...] the engine for several hours before they discovered the issue.

Answer: The ship's motormen had been monitoring the engine for several hours before they discovered the issue.

Explanation: The use of "before" indicates that the monitoring of the engine happened prior to the discovery of the issue. To express an ongoing action that started before a specific time in the past and continued up until that time, we use the Past Perfect Tense.

Keyword: REPAIR TEAM

By the time the [...] arrived, the motormen had been performing maintenance work on the engine.

Answer: By the time the repair team arrived, the motormen had been performing maintenance work on the engine.

Explanation: The phrase "by the time" suggests that the performance of maintenance work on the engine occurred before the arrival of the repair team. The Past Perfect Continuous tense is used to describe an ongoing action that started before a specific time in the past and continued up until that time.

Keyword: FUEL TANKS

The motorman [...] the [...] before the ship's departure.

Answer: had filled up

Answer: The motorman had filled up the fuel tanks before the ship's departure.

Explanation: The verb "had filled up" is used to indicate that the filling of the fuel tanks happened before the ship's departure. The Past Perfect tense is used to describe an action that happened before a specific time in the past.

Keyword: CARRY OUT

Before the inspection the motormen [...] troubleshooting procedures to identify any issues.

Answer: Before the inspection the motormen had been carrying out troubleshooting procedures to identify any issues.

Explanation: The phrase "before the inspection" indicates that the carrying out of troubleshooting procedures happened prior to the inspection. The Past Perfect Continuous tense is used to describe an ongoing action that started before a specific time in the past and continued up until that time.

Keyword: REPAIR WORK

The motorman [...] the engine parts back together after the repair work.

Answer: The motorman had put the engine parts back together after the repair work.

Explanation: The use of "after" suggests that the putting of the engine parts back together happened after the repair work. The Past Perfect tense is used to describe an action that happened before a specific time in the past.

Keyword: REPAIR

The motormen [...] the engine all morning before they successfully fixed the problem.

Answer: The motormen had been working on the engine all morning before they successfully fixed the problem.

Explanation: The use of the present perfect continuous indicates an ongoing action that started in the past and continued up until a specific time in the past (the point when they successfully fixed the problem). It suggests that the motormen were continuously working on the engine throughout the entire morning.

Example: The motormen had been working on the engine all morning, trying to diagnose and fix the issue.

The present perfect continuous is formed by using have/has + been + present participle (-ing form) of the verb. It is commonly used to describe an activity that started in the past, is still ongoing or has just finished, and has a connection to the present or a specific moment in the past.

Keyword: INSPECT

The crew [...] the machinery thoroughly before they reported any issues. Answer:

Answer: The crew had been inspecting the machinery thoroughly before they reported any issues.

Explanation: In the sentence above, the use of the past perfect continuous tense indicates an ongoing or continuous action that happened before another past event or state. It suggests that the crew had been continuously inspecting the machinery thoroughly for a period of time before they reported any issues.

Example: The crew had been inspecting the machinery thoroughly for days before they reported any issues.

The past perfect continuous tense is formed by using had + been + present participle (-ing form) of the verb. It is commonly used to describe an activity that was happening up until a specific time in the past or before another action or event in the past.

Keyword: MAINTENANCE

The ship's motormen [...] regular maintenance on the engine before it unexpectedly broke down.

Answer: The ship's motormen had been carrying out regular maintenance on the engine before it unexpectedly broke down.

Explanation: In the sentence above, the use of the past perfect continuous tense suggests an ongoing or continuous action that happened before a specific event in the past. It implies that the motormen had been continuously carrying out maintenance on the engine for a period of time before it unexpectedly broke down.

Example: The ship's motormen had been carrying out regular maintenance on the engine for months before it unexpectedly broke down.

The past perfect continuous tense is formed by using had + been + present participle (-ing form) of the verb. It is commonly used to show an activity or situation that was in progress before a specific moment in the past or before another past action or event.

Keyword: MONITOR

The engineers [...] the performance of the fuel system for weeks before they detected any anomalies.

Answer: The engineers had been monitoring the performance of the fuel system for weeks before they detected any anomalies.

Explanation: The use of the past perfect continuous in the sentence "The engineers had been monitoring the performance of the fuel system for weeks before they detected any anomalies" indicates an ongoing or continuous action that happened before a specific event in the past. It suggests that the engineers had been continuously monitoring the performance of the fuel system for a period of weeks before they finally detected any anomalies.

Example: The engineers had been monitoring the performance of the fuel system for weeks, checking for any irregularities.

The past perfect continuous tense is formed by using had + been + present participle (-ing form) of the verb. It is often used to describe an activity that was happening up until a specific time in the past or before another action or event in the past.

Keyword: TROUBLESHOOT

The motormen [...] the electrical system for hours before they identified the source of the problem.

Answer: The motormen had been troubleshooting the electrical system for hours before they identified the source of the problem.

Explanation: In the sentence above, the use of the past perfect continuous tense indicates an ongoing or continuous action that happened before another past event or state. It suggests that the motormen had been continuously troubleshooting the electrical system for a period of time before they finally identified the source of the problem.

Example: The motormen had been troubleshooting the electrical system for hours, trying to locate the issue.

Wrap-up and Reflection

10_10_Afterword.wav

In this lesson, we focused on the use of the past perfect continuous tense in the context of ship's motormen. Let's recap the main points we've covered:

The past perfect continuous tense is used to describe ongoing actions or situations in the past that started before a specific time and continued up until that time.
For ship's motormen, this tense is particularly relevant as they are responsible for monitoring, repairing, and maintaining engines.
To form the past perfect continuous tense, we use the auxiliary verb "had been" followed by the present participle ("-ing" form) of the main verb.
The past perfect continuous tense helps us express the duration and continuity of motormen's actions, highlighting their commitment to troubleshooting, repair work, maintenance, and monitoring.
We also learned that the past perfect continuous tense is often used in conjunction with other past tenses to establish the sequence of events and emphasize the timing of actions.

Reflecting on what we've learned, mastering the past perfect continuous tense allows ship's motormen to effectively communicate their involvement in ongoing activities related to engine maintenance and repair. By using this tense, motormen can convey the dedication, perseverance, and attention to detail required for their crucial role.

Take some time to practice using the past perfect continuous tense in engineroom-related scenarios. Pay attention to the sequence of events and the continuity of actions. This will strengthen your understanding and ability to apply this tense accurately.

You've gained valuable insights into the use of the past perfect continuous tense in the context of ship's motormen. Keep practicing and incorporating this tense into your language skills to enhance your communication abilities in the maritime field.

Під час цього уроку ми обговорили вживання минулого тривалого доконаного часу та його важливості для суднових мотористів. Давайте підсумуємо основні моменти, які ми розглянули:

Минулий тривалий досконалий час вживається для опису дій, які тривали впродовж деякого часу в минулому аж до якоїсь іншої минулої події.
Для суднових мотористів цей час особливо важиливий, оскільки вони відповідають за моніторинг, ремонт і обслуговування двигунів.
Щоб утворити минулий тривалий доконаний час, ми використовуємо допоміжне дієслово «had been», за яким іде дієприкметник теперішнього часу (форма «-ing») основного дієслова.
Минулий довершений безперервний час допомагає нам виразити тривалість і безперервність дій мотористів, підкреслюючи їхнє натхнення до усунення несправностей, виконання ремонтних робіт, технічного обслуговування та контролю.
Ми також дізналися, що past perfect continuous tense часто використовується в поєднанні з іншими минулими часами, для встановлення послідовності подій а також щоб підкреслити час дій.

Таким чином опанувавши минулий тривалий завершений час судновий моторист зможе ефективно повідомляти про свою діяльність пов’язану з обслуговуванням і ремонтом двигуна. Використовуючи цей час, мотористи можуть передати позитивне відношення і увагу до дрібниць, такі необхідні для виконання повсякденної роботи.

Варто знайти час для відпрацювання у вживанні минулого тривалого завершеного часу у ситуаціях в моторному відділенні. Зверніть увагу на послідовність подій і безперервність дій. Це додасть вашому розумінню та вмінню точно застосовувати цей час.

Таким чином ви отримали важливу інформацію про використання минулого тривалого досконалого часу в спілкуванні суднових мотористів. Продовжуйте вживати та включати цей час у свою мову, покращуйте рівень свого спілкування на морі.

Afterword:

Congratulations on completing the lesson on the past perfect continuous tense for ship's motormen. You have learned how to form and use this tense to describe ongoing actions or situations in the past, emphasizing their duration and continuity. By mastering this tense, you can effectively communicate the sequence of events and highlight the importance of continuous actions in the context of ship maintenance, repair, and operations. Remember to practice using the past perfect continuous tense in various scenarios to reinforce your understanding. Well done on your progress, and keep up the great work in expanding your language skills!

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