MP4 with subtitles. (Part 1) - 26 100 kb ( 27:23 min)
MP4 with subtitles. (Part 2) - 17 600 kb (10.34 min)
MP4 with subtitles. (Part 3) - 23 100 kb ( 13.50 min)
Lesson Plan
Title: Motormen Mastery: Exploring Verb Forms
Level: B1-B1+
Category: Future Ship's Motormen in Ukraine
Materials:
Chalk board; Classroom display
Chalk; Notebook
Workbooks, handout with exercises (prepared in advance)
Website.
Objective
The objective of this lesson is for students to master various verb forms relevant to motormen responsibilities, including the '-ing' form, present continuous tense, adjectives with the be+verb+ing form, verb+gerund vs. verb+to infinitive structures, idiomatic expressions, prepositions + gerund, and gerunds as subjects.
Procedure:
Warm-up.
Foreword (2 minutes):
Introduce the topic of the lesson: Exploring Verb Forms
Highlight the importance of understanding verb forms in the context of motormen responsibilities.
Presentation: Motormen Mastery: Exploring Verb Forms verb + ’-ing’ (5 minutes):
Present the concept of using verbs in the '-ing' form.
Explain the meaning and usage of verb + ’-ing’ in motormen context.
Provide examples and clarify any questions.
1) Non-Action Verbs: Change of Meaning with (be+verb+ing) (3 minutes):
Discuss how non-action verbs can change in meaning when used with 'be+verb+ing.'
Explain the difference between the '-ing' form and the infinitive form for non-action verbs.
Engage students in a brief discussion on examples and usage.
Exercise 1: Choose between '-ing' or 'to' infinitive for non-action verbs (3 minutes):
Provide a set of sentences with non-action verbs and ask students to choose between '-ing' and 'to' infinitive forms.
Allow time for students to complete the exercise.
Review the answers together, discussing the correct usage and reasons.
2) Present Continuous for Actions (be+verb+ing) (3 minutes):
Introduce the concept of using the present continuous tense (be+verb+ing) for actions.
Explain its relevance in describing ongoing actions in the motormen context.
Provide examples and clarify any questions.
Exercise 2: The use of the present continuous (be+verb+ing) and the infinitive form (3 minutes):
Present a set of situations and ask students to complete the sentences using the present continuous or infinitive form.
Allow time for students to complete the exercise.
Review the answers together, discussing the correct usage and reasons.
3) Adjectives (be+verb+ing) (3 minutes):
Explain the use of adjectives with the be+verb+ing form.
Discuss how adjectives in this form can describe experiences or qualities.
Provide examples and clarify any questions.
Exercise 3: Practicing the use of adjectives with the be+verb+ing form and the infinitive form (3 minutes):
Provide a list of adjectives and ask students to use them in sentences using the be+verb+ing form or the infinitive form.
Allow time for students to complete the exercise.
Review the answers together, discussing the correct usage and reasons.
4) Verb+gerund (verb+ -ing) vs + ’to’ infinitive (3 minutes):
Explain the difference between using verb+gerund and verb+to infinitive.
Provide examples and discuss the contexts in which each form is used.
Address any questions or doubts from the students.
Exercise 4: Verb+gerund (verb+ -ing) vs + ’to’ infinitive (3 minutes):
Present a set of sentences and ask students to choose between verb+gerund or verb+to infinitive.
Allow time for students to complete the exercise.
Review the answers together, discussing the correct usage and reasons.
5) Idiomatic expressions (verb+-ing) (2 minutes):
Introduce idiomatic expressions using the '-ing' form.
Explain their meanings and usage in the motormen context.
Provide examples and encourage students to ask questions.
Exercise 5: Idiomatic expressions: '-ing' and verb + "to" infinitive (3 minutes):
Present idiomatic expressions and ask students to fill in the gaps with the correct form.
Allow time for students to complete the exercise.
Review the answers together, discussing the correct usage and reasons.
6) Prepositions + gerund (verb + -ing) (2 minutes):
Explain the usage of prepositions followed by gerunds in sentences.
Provide examples and clarify any questions.
Exercise 6: Prepositions + gerund (verb + -ing) (3 minutes):
Present sentences with prepositions and ask students to fill in the gaps with the correct gerund form.
Allow time for students to complete the exercise.
Review the answers together, discussing the correct usage and reasons.
7) Using Gerunds (verb + -ing) as Subjects (2 minutes):
Discuss the usage of gerunds as subjects in sentences.
Explain how gerunds can take on the role of the subject.
Provide examples and address any questions.
Exercise 7: Using Gerunds (verb + -ing) as Subjects (3 minutes):
Present sentences with missing subjects and ask students to fill in the gaps with gerunds.
Allow time for students to complete the exercise.
Review the answers together, discussing the correct usage and reasons.
Production:
Exercise 8: Listen to the dialog, be ready to fill-in-the-gaps with the verb + ’-ing’ vs. + ’to’ infinitive (4 minutes):
Play an audio dialog related to motormen tasks and responsibilities.
Ask students to listen carefully and fill in the gaps with the appropriate verb form.
Allow time for students to complete the exercise.
Review the answers together, discussing the correct usage and reasons.
Exercise 9: Fill in the gaps with the correct verb form (verb+ing or verb+to infinitive) from the short dialogue (4 minutes):
Provide a short dialogue related to motormen activities.
Ask students to fill in the gaps with the correct verb form.
Allow time for students to complete the exercise.
Review the answers together, discussing the correct usage and reasons.
Wrap-up (2 minutes):
Recap the main points covered in the lesson, emphasizing the difference between verb + '-ing' and verb + 'to' infinitive.
Address any remaining questions or concerns from the students.
Provide additional resources or assignments for further practice, if applicable.
Afterword:
Conclude the lesson by summarizing the importance of mastering verb forms for motormen and their professional development.
Encourage students to continue exploring and practicing verb forms in their studies.
Thank the students for their participation and attention throughout the lesson.
YouTube Description: Welcome to our Motormen Mastery series! In this lesson, we delve into the fascinating world of verb forms, specifically exploring the usage of verb + '-ing' and verb + 'to' infinitive. Join us as we unravel the nuances and intricacies of language in the context of motormen tasks and responsibilities. Enhance your communication skills and elevate your understanding of verb forms to ensure smooth operations and effective teamwork in the engine room. From non-action verbs to idiomatic expressions, prepositions, and gerunds, this comprehensive lesson covers it all. Get ready to master verb forms and excel in your motorman career!
YouTube Keywords: Motormen, engine room, verb forms, '-ing' form, 'to' infinitive, non-action verbs, present continuous, adjectives, verb+gerund, idiomatic expressions, prepositions, gerunds, communication skills, language nuances, teamwork, engine maintenance, maritime industry, professional development.
Podcast Foreword: Welcome to another episode of "Motormen Mastery" hosted by Oleksiy Fesenko. In this episode, we dive deep into the world of verb forms, focusing on the usage of verb + '-ing' and verb + 'to' infinitive. Join us as we explore the language intricacies specific to motormen tasks and responsibilities. Whether you're a seasoned motorman or an aspiring professional, this episode will provide valuable insights and practical knowledge to enhance your language skills and excel in your career. Get ready to expand your understanding of verb forms and sharpen your communication abilities in the maritime industry.
Podcast Afterword: Thank you for joining us in this episode of "Motormen Mastery" with Oleksiy Fesenko. We hope you found this exploration of verb forms informative and beneficial to your professional growth. Remember to practice and apply what you've learned in your daily tasks as a motorman. By mastering the usage of verb + '-ing' and verb + 'to' infinitive, you can effectively convey your ideas, communicate with precision, and contribute to the seamless operation of engines and machinery. Stay tuned for more insightful episodes that will further enhance your motorman skills and expertise.
Welcome to the "Motormen Mastery: Exploring Verb Forms" lesson. In this comprehensive guide, we will delve into the usage of verb forms, particularly the difference between verb + ’-ing’ and verb + ’to’ infinitive. Understanding the nuances of these forms is crucial for motormen to excel in their profession. Throughout this lesson, we will engage in various exercises to strengthen your grasp on these essential grammar concepts. So, let's get started and enhance your language skills for a successful career as a motorman.
Today, we're going to explore the different ways we can use verbs in English. Verbs are an essential part of our language, and understanding how to use them correctly will help you communicate more effectively. So, let's dive into our lesson for today!
Now, before we begin, let's familiarize ourselves with some important keywords, phrasal verbs, prepositional verbs, collocations, and best phrases related to our topic. These words and phrases will be useful references throughout our lesson. Please grab a pen and paper and write them down as I present them to you.
Сьогодні ми розглянемо різні способи використання дієслів в англійській мові. Дієслова є важливою частиною нашої мови, і розуміння того, як їх правильно вживати, допоможе вам ефективніше спілкуватися. Отже, давайте поринемо в наш сьогоднішній урок!
А тепер, перш ніж ми почнемо, давайте ознайомимося з деякими важливими ключовими словами, фразовими дієсловами, прийменниковими дієсловами, словосполученнями та найбільш вживаними фразами, пов’язаними з нашою темою. Ці слова та фрази будуть корисними під час нашого уроку. Будь ласка, візьміть ручку та папір і записуйте по ходу.
Familiarize yourself with important keywords, phrasal verbs, prepositional verbs, collocations, and best phrases related to our topic. Take notes as I present them.
Maintain [meɪnˈteɪn] to keep in good condition or working order - зберігати, підтримувати
Example:
Motormen enjoy maintaining the engines.
Motormen want to maintain the engines to ensure smooth operation.
Inspect [ɪnˈspɛkt] to examine closely - оглядати, перевіряти
Example:
The motormen inspect the machinery regularly to identify any issues or abnormalities.
The motormen suggested inspecting the equipment before departure.
Repair [rɪˈpɛə] to fix or mend- ремонтувати
Example:
Motormen are repairing the engine right now.
The motormen repaired the engine yesterday to fix any issues.
Monitor [ˈmɒnɪtə] to observe and check progress - контролювати, слідкувати
Example:
Motormen monitor the engine's performance continuously to ensure optimal functioning.
The motormen monitored the temperature while operating the engine.
Operate [ˈɒpəreɪt] to control or work with a machine - працювати, управляти
Example:
The motormen are operating the control panel expertly.
Motormen need to learn how to operate the engine safely.
6. Start up [stɑːt ʌp] to begin operating) - запускати, включати
Example:
The motormen started up the engine this morning, initiating the day's operations.
Motormen know how to start up the engine quickly.
7. Shut down [ʃʌt daʊn] to stop operating - вимикати, відключати
Example:
The motormen shut down the engine at the end of the day, concluding their work and ensuring a proper shutdown.
Motormen are instructed to shut down the engine during maintenance.
8. Adjust [əˈdʒʌst] to change or alter - налаштовувати, коригувати
Example:
The motormen were adjusting the settings for optimal performance.
Motormen must adjust the controls carefully to ensure precise operation.
9. Lubricate [ˈluːbrɪkeɪt] to apply oil or grease - змащувати Example:
Motormen regularly lubricate the moving parts of the engine.
The motormen will lubricate the engine before departure to ensure smooth operation.
10. Check [ʧɛk] to examine or verify - перевіряти, контролювати
Example:
Motormen need to check the fuel levels regularly.
The motormen were checking the engine for any leaks.
11. Troubleshoot [ˈtruːbəlʃuːt] to identify and solve problems - вирішувати проблеми
Example:
The motormen are troubleshooting electrical issues, identifying and addressing any problems.
The motormen know how to troubleshoot the engine to resolve issues effectively.
12. Overhaul [əʊˈvɜːhɔːl] to renovate or repair extensively - оновлювати, реконструювати
Example:
Motormen are responsible for overhauling the engine periodically, renovating and repairing it thoroughly.
The motormen have overhauled the engine to improve its performance.
13. Calibrate [ˈkælɪbreɪt] to adjust or mark with a standard scale - калібрувати
Example:
The motormen are calibrating the instruments, adjusting them for accurate readings.
Motormen must learn how to calibrate the instruments to ensure precise measurements.
14. Replace [rɪˈpleɪs] to exchange or substitute - замінювати Example:
Motormen are replacing worn-out parts of the engine, exchanging them for new ones.
The motormen replaced the damaged component to restore the engine's functionality.
15. Clean [kliːn] to make free from dirt or impurities - чистити
Example:
The motormen are cleaning the engine room, removing dirt and impurities.
Motormen regularly clean the engine to maintain its performance.
16. Service [ˈsɜːvɪs] to provide maintenance or repair - обслуговувати
Example:
Motormen are servicing the machinery, providing necessary maintenance and repairs.
The motormen were trained to service the engine to ensure its smooth operation.
17. Test [tɛst] to examine or evaluate - тестувати, перевіряти
Example:
The motormen are testing the equipment for functionality, examining its performance.
Motormen test the engine to ensure it meets the required standards.
18. Activate [ˈæktɪveɪt] to set in motion or start - активувати
Example:
Motormen activate the emergency systems, setting them in motion in case of an alarm.
The motormen know how to activate the engine to start its operation.
19. Engage [ɪnˈgeɪʤ] to connect or involve - включати, залучати
Example:
The motormen are engaging the engine's safety mechanisms, connecting them for protection.
Motormen engage the gears to initiate engine movement.
20. Disengage [dɪsɪnˈgeɪʤ] to disconnect or release - вимикати, знімати з залучення
Example:
Motormen disengage the clutch before shutting down the engine, releasing it from engagement.
The motormen know how to disengage the engine from external systems.
21. Handle [ˈhændl] to manage or operate - керувати, обходитися
Example:
The motormen handle the controls with precision, managing and operating them effectively.
Motormen need to know how to handle the engine in different operating conditions.
22. Control [kənˈtrəʊl] to regulate or direct - управляти, контролювати
Example:
Motormen control the speed of the engine, regulating its performance.
The motormen were trained to control the engine's temperature for optimal operation.
Excellent! I can see you've made a note of the keywords. Well done! Throughout our lesson, we'll refer back to these words and phrases to reinforce our understanding. Now that we have our reference points, let's move on to the next part of our lesson.
Чудово! Я бачу, що ви записали ключові слова. Молодці! Протягом нашого уроку ми будемо повертатися до цих слів і фраз, щоб зміцнити наше розуміння. Тепер, коли ми маємо відправні точки, переходимо до наступної частини уроку.
A verb can be followed by another verb in the -ing form or the to + infinitive form. Which form you need depends on what the first verb is. For example, “I enjoy reading.” or “I want to read.” Here is a poetry that I created using this grammatical structure and some of the keywords provided above:
Troubleshooting and Beyond: The Skills and Emotions of the Ship’s Motormen
We are the ship’s motormen
We work hard every day
We are skilled in troubleshooting errors
And overhauling parts that decay
We are precise in calibrating instruments
And replacing filters that are old
We are diligent in cleaning pipes
And servicing pumps that are cold
We are responsible for maintaining systems
And inspecting components for flaws
We are quick in repairing damages
And monitoring performance and laws
We are experts in operating engines
And starting up power and speed
We are careful in shutting down fuel
And lubricating shafts and feed
We are thorough in checking pressure
And testing voltage and sound
We are alert in activating alarms
And engaging clutches and ground
We are adept at handling controls
And disengaging brakes and gears
We are proud of what we do
And we control our hopes and fears
To Troubleshoot and Beyond: The Intentions and Goals of the Ship’s Motormen
We are the ship’s motormen
We love to work every day
We like to troubleshoot errors
And to overhaul parts that decay
We prefer to calibrate instruments
And to replace filters that are old
We enjoy to clean pipes
And to service pumps that are cold
We need to maintain systems
And to inspect components for flaws
We have to repair damages
And to monitor performance and laws
We want to operate engines
And to start up power and speed
We plan to shut down fuel
And to lubricate shafts and feed
We try to check pressure
And to test voltage and sound
We aim to activate alarms
And to engage clutches and ground
We learn to handle controls
And to disengage brakes and gears
We hope to do what we love
And to control our hopes and fears
A gerund is a verb that ends in -ing and functions as a noun. For example, “We are skilled in troubleshooting errors.” In this sentence, troubleshooting is a gerund that acts as the object of the preposition in. A gerund can be used in different ways in a sentence, such as:
As the subject of a verb: Troubleshooting is an important skill for the ship’s motormen.
As the object of a verb: We enjoy troubleshooting errors and fixing them.
As the complement of a verb: Our job is troubleshooting errors and overhauling parts.
As the object of a preposition: We are skilled in troubleshooting errors and calibrating instruments.
As part of a compound noun: We have a troubleshooting manual that we follow.
In the poem, all the gerunds are used as the object of a preposition. The prepositions are in, at, and for. For example:
We are skilled in troubleshooting errors
We are adept at handling controls
We are responsible for maintaining systems
These gerunds describe what the ship’s motormen do or how they do it. They act as nouns that follow the prepositions.
A verb is a word that shows an action or a state of being. A verb can be followed by another verb in the -ing form or the to + infinitive form. Which form you need depends on what the first verb is1.
In the first poetry, we used the -ing form after the verbs that express our feelings, preferences, habits or actions. For example:
We are skilled in troubleshooting errors
We enjoy to clean pipes
We need to maintain systems
We want to operate engines
These verbs are followed by the -ing form because they describe what we do or how we feel about doing something. The -ing form emphasises the verb itself and the process of doing it1.
In the second poetry, we used the to + infinitive form after the verbs that express our intentions, plans, goals or desires. For example:
We love to work every day
We like to troubleshoot errors
We plan to shut down fuel
We hope to do what we love
These verbs are followed by the to + infinitive form because they describe what we want to do or how we want to do something. The to + infinitive form puts the emphasis more on the preference for, or the results of, the action1.
Please note that in the poem need is used as a main verb followed by to + infinitive. This is correct and more common than using the semi-modal need without -to. The poem expresses the necessity or obligation of doing certain actions, not the lack of them.
Important to note!
The present participle is a verb form that ends in "-ing" and is used to indicate ongoing actions or states. It is used in progressive tenses, as participial adjectives, and in some phrases. The Gerund, on the other hand, is a verb form that ends in "-ing" and functions as a noun in a sentence. It can be the subject, object, or complement of a sentence.
Важливо зауважити!
Дієприкметник теперішнього часу — це форма дієслова, яка закінчується на «-ing» і використовується для позначення поточних дій або станів. Він використовується в тривалих часах, як дієприкметник та в деяких фразах. Герундій, з іншого боку також являється формою дієслова, яка закінчується на "-ing" і функціонує як іменник у реченні. Це може бути підмет, додаток або доповнення речення.
Research non-action verbs and identify how their meaning changes when combined with "be" and "-ing."
Non-Action Verb "be": Without Change of Meaning.
Example: The motormen are experienced professionals.
Explanation: In this context, "are" is the non-action verb "be" used to describe the state or qualification of the motormen. It indicates that the motormen possess the quality of being experienced professionals. The verb "be" in its present form "are" simply identifies and attributes a characteristic to the motormen without any change in meaning.
In the world of motormen, this usage can be commonly seen to describe their professional qualifications or expertise.
Дієслово "бути", яке не може виражати дію: без зміни значення.
Приклад: Мотористи це досвідчені фахівці.
Пояснення: У даному контексті "are" не може висловлювати дії і має почкткову форму "be", вживається для опису стану або кваліфікації мотористів. Вказує на те, що мотористів можна описати досвідченими фахівцями. Дієслово "be" змінено на "are", воно просто дає визначення та характеристику мотористам без будь-якої зміни значення.
У світі мотористів таке використання можна часто зустріти для опису їх професійної кваліфікації або досвідченості.
Non-Action Verbs: Change of Meaning with (be+verb+ing). Example: The motormen are being patient during the engine repair.
Explanation: In this context, "being patient" means that the motormen are actively practicing patience while dealing with the engine repair. It emphasizes their state of patience at that particular moment.
In the world of motormen, this usage acknowledges the challenging nature of engine repairs and emphasizes the need for patience as a valuable attribute for motormen in their work.
Дієслова які не можуть виражати дію: Зміна значення в структурі (be+verb+ing).
Приклад: Мотористи виявляють терпіння під час ремонту двигуна.
Пояснення: У цьому контексті "виявляють терпіння" означає, що мотористи виявляють терпіння під час ремонту двигуна. Важливість стану терпіння в зазначеній ситуації.
Для мотористів це складність ремонту двигуна, акцент на необхідності терпіння як цінної риси так необхідної для мотористів у своїй роботі.
Non-Action Verbs: Provide examples and explanations.
be- [biː] бути
have- [hæv] мати
need- [niːd] потребувати
4. understand- [ʌndəˈstænd] розуміти
5. believe- [bɪˈliːv] вірити
6. require- [rɪˈkwaɪə] потребувати
7. possess - [pəˈzɛs] володіти
8. lack- [læk] не мати, бракувати
9. consist - [kənˈsɪst] складатися
Here are examples of the non-action verbs used with '-ing' along with their changed meanings. Actively listen and take note of the examples that follow.
Being attentive: Motormen demonstrate their attentiveness by constantly monitoring the engine's performance.
Example: Motormen ensure engine safety by being attentive to any warning signs or abnormalities.
Having understanding: Motormen showcase their understanding by comprehending the intricacies of engine systems.
Example: Motormen contribute to efficient engine operation by having a deep understanding of fuel injection systems.
Needing compliance: Motormen emphasize the importance of compliance by strictly adhering to safety regulations.
Example: Motormen prioritize safety by needing compliance with wearing protective gear at all times.
Understanding functionality: Motormen enhance their performance by understanding the functionality of auxiliary equipment.
Example: Motormen optimize engine efficiency by understanding the functionality of turbochargers.
Believing in importance: Motormen underscore the importance of regular maintenance by believing in its necessity.
Example: Motormen ensure engine longevity by believing in the importance of timely oil changes.
6. Requiring precision: Engine operations require motormen to demonstrate precision and accuracy in their actions.
Example: Motormen achieve smooth engine startup by requiring precision when adjusting fuel mixture ratios.
7. Possessing good communication skills: Motormen enhance teamwork by possessing good communication skills during engine operations.
Example: Motormen ensure seamless coordination by possessing good communication skills during emergency situations.
8. Lacking attention to detail: Motormen strive to avoid lacking attention to detail when conducting routine inspections.
Example: Motormen prevent potential failures by double-checking all connections and components, never lacking attention to detail.
9. Consisting of various tasks: Engine maintenance consists of a range of tasks that motormen perform to ensure optimal performance.
Example: Motormen carry out routine maintenance, consisting of tasks such as checking fluid levels, inspecting belts, and cleaning filters.
In each of these examples, the '-ing' form of the non-action verb adds a continuous or ongoing aspect to the activity, emphasizing the state or quality associated with the verb rather than a specific action.
In these sentences, the non-action verbs 'be,' 'possess,' 'require,' 'lack,' and 'begin' are used with either the '-ing' form or the 'to' infinitive form. The '-ing' form is used when the verb functions as a noun or part of a continuous verb tense. The 'to' infinitive form is used to express purpose, intent, or preference.
The motormen dislike [...] (be) idle during their shifts.
1) be
2) being
Answer: being
The motormen dislike being idle during their shifts.
Explanation: The '-ing' form is used when the verb functions as a noun or part of a continuous verb tense.
It's essential to believe in [...] (possess) the necessary skills for engine troubleshooting.
possessing
to possess
Answer: possessing
It's essential to believe in possessing the necessary skills for engine troubleshooting.
Explanation: The '-ing' form is used when the verb functions as a noun or part of a continuous verb tense.
The motormen decided [...] (repair) the engine immediately to prevent further damage.
repairing
to repair
Answer: to repair
The motormen decided to repair the engine immediately to prevent further damage.
Explanation: The infinitive is used to express the purpose, intention, or action that follows the non-action verb.
It is necessary [...] (understand) the technical specifications of the equipment before operating it.
to understand
understanding
Answer: to understand
It is necessary to understand the technical specifications of the equipment before operating it.
Explanation: The infinitive is used to express the purpose, intention, or action that follows the non-action verb.
The engineers enjoy [...] (require) additional training to enhance their expertise.
to enjoy
enjoying
Answer: enjoying
The engineers enjoy requiring additional training to enhance their expertise.
Explanation: The '-ing' form is used when the verb functions as a noun or part of a continuous verb tense.
We can't stand [...] (lack) proper maintenance of the engine room.
lacking
to lack
Answer: lacking
We can't stand lacking proper maintenance of the engine room.
Explanation: The '-ing' form is used when the verb functions as a noun or part of a continuous verb tense.
The crew prefers [...] (begin) work early in the morning to ensure a smooth sailing experience.
to begin
beginning
Answer: beginning
The crew prefers beginning work early in the morning to ensure a smooth sailing experience.
Explanation: The '-ing' form is used when the verb functions as a noun or part of a continuous verb tense.
Present Continuous for Actions (be+verb+ing)
Example: The motormen are repairing the engine right now. Explanation: The present continuous tense "are repairing" indicates that the motormen are in the process of actively performing the action of repairing the engine at the present moment. There is no change in meaning.
Теперішній тривалий час з дієсловами, які виражають дію (be+verb+ing)
Приклад: Мотористи зараз ремонтують двигун. Пояснення: Теперішній тривалий час «ремонтують» вказує на те, що мотористи в даний момент активно виконують дію з ремонту двигуна. Немає зміни значення.
In these questions, the present continuous form (-ing) is used to describe actions happening at the moment, while the infinitive form (to + base verb) is used to describe actions that are planned or scheduled for the future.
REPAIR
Are the motormen [...] the engine right now or are they planning [...] it later?
Answer: Are the motormen repairing the engine right now or are they planning to repair it later?
Explanation: So, in this sentence, "repairing" highlights the current activity of the motormen, while "to repair" refers to their future plan to perform the repair.
MAINTAIN
Is the crew [...] the machinery at the moment or are they scheduled [...] it tomorrow?
Answer: Is the crew maintaining the machinery at the moment or are they scheduled to maintain it tomorrow?
Explanation: In the given sentence, "maintain" is used as a verb that denotes the action of keeping something in good condition or preserving its proper functioning.
The crew is maintaining the machinery at the moment. In this context, "maintaining" indicates that the crew is currently engaged in the activity of performing maintenance tasks, such as checking, cleaning, repairing, or adjusting the machinery to ensure its optimal condition and smooth operation.
...or are they scheduled to maintain it tomorrow? Here, "to maintain" is used in the infinitive form to express a future action. It suggests that there is a planned or scheduled time for the crew to perform maintenance on the machinery, indicating that they will undertake the necessary tasks to keep it in good working order.
Both usages emphasize the importance of regularly attending to the machinery's maintenance needs to ensure its reliability and functionality.
INSPECT
Are the motormen [...] the equipment currently or are they required [...] it periodically?
Answer: Are the motormen inspecting the equipment currently or are they required to inspect it periodically?
Explanation: In the given sentence, "inspect" is used as a verb that refers to the action of carefully examining or assessing something for evaluation, identification of problems, or ensuring compliance with standards.
Are the motormen inspecting the equipment currently? Here, "inspecting" is used in the present continuous form ("-ing") to indicate that the motormen are currently engaged in the activity of examining or assessing the equipment. It suggests that they are actively involved in inspecting the equipment at the present moment.
...or are they required to inspect it periodically? In this case, "to inspect" is used in the infinitive form to express a general requirement or obligation. It implies that the motormen have a recurring responsibility to regularly examine or assess the equipment at specific intervals or as part of their routine maintenance procedures.
Both usages highlight the importance of conducting inspections to ensure the proper functioning, safety, and maintenance of the equipment used by the motormen.
ADJUST
Is the engineer [...] the controls now or is he about [...] them in a few minutes?
Answer: Is the engineer adjusting the controls now or is he about to adjust them in a few minutes?
Explanation: In the given sentence, "adjust" is used as a verb that refers to the action of making small changes or modifications to something to achieve the desired outcome or to ensure proper functioning.
Is the engineer adjusting the controls now? Here, "adjusting" is used in the present continuous form ("-ing") to indicate that the engineer is currently engaged in the activity of making small changes or modifications to the controls. It suggests that the engineer is actively involved in the process of adjusting the controls at the present moment.
...or is he about to adjust them in a few minutes? In this case, "to adjust" is used in the infinitive form to express a future action or intention. It implies that the engineer intends or plans to make small changes or modifications to the controls in a few minutes. It indicates that the adjustment is scheduled to happen in the near future.
Both usages highlight the engineer's involvement in making small changes or modifications to the controls. The present continuous form emphasizes the ongoing activity of adjusting the controls in the present, while the infinitive form suggests the engineer's intention or future plan to perform the adjustment.
OPERATE
Are the motormen [...] the engine room at this time or are they getting ready [...] it soon?
Answer: Are the motormen operating the engine room at this time or are they getting ready to operate it soon?
Explanation: In the given sentence, "operate" is used as a verb that refers to the action of controlling and managing the functioning of something, in this case, the engine room.
Are the motormen operating the engine room at this time? Here, "operating" is used in the present continuous form ("-ing") to indicate that the motormen are currently engaged in the activity of controlling and managing the operations in the engine room. It suggests that they are actively involved in the ongoing tasks and responsibilities related to the engine room.
...or are they getting ready to operate it soon? In this case, "to operate" is used in the infinitive form to express a future action or intention. It implies that the motormen are in the process of preparing themselves or making necessary arrangements to take control and manage the operations in the engine room in the near future.
Both usages emphasize the involvement of the motormen in the operation and management of the engine room, either in the present or in the upcoming tasks and responsibilities.
TEST
Is the team [...] the emergency systems presently or are they going [...] them next week?
Answer: Is the team testing the emergency systems presently or are they going to test them next week?
Explanation: In the given sentence, "test" is used as a verb that refers to the action of evaluating or examining something to determine its quality, performance, or functionality.
Is the team testing the emergency systems presently? Here, "testing" is used in the present continuous form ("-ing") to indicate that the team is currently engaged in the activity of evaluating or examining the emergency systems. It suggests that they are actively involved in conducting tests on the systems to ensure their proper functioning and reliability.
...or are they going to test them next week? In this case, "to test" is used in the infinitive form to express a future action or intention. It implies that the team has plans to evaluate or examine the emergency systems in the upcoming week. It indicates their intention or scheduled activity to perform the testing.
Both usages emphasize the team's involvement in evaluating or examining the emergency systems, either in the present or in the future. The present continuous form suggests ongoing or current testing activities, while the infinitive form indicates future testing plans or intentions.
Adjectives (be+verb+ing)
Example: This course for future motormen is interesting.
Explanation: In this sentence, "interesting" is an adjective formed from the verb "to interest." The course is causing interest or curiosity to the future motormen.
Прикметники (be+verb+ing)
Приклад: Цей курс для майбутніх мотористів цікавий.
Пояснення: У цьому реченні «цікавий» — це прикметник, утворений від дієслова «цікавитися». Даний курс викликає інтерес або цікавість у майбутніх мотористів.
In these questions, the be+verb+ing form is used to describe the current state or quality of something, while the infinitive form (to + base verb) is used to express the necessity or importance of possessing that quality.
INTEREST
Is the course for future motormen [...] or is it important [...] in the subject?
Answer: Is the course for future motormen interesting or is it important to be interested in the subject?
Explanation: in this sentence, "interesting" focuses on the quality of the course itself, while "to be interested" emphasizes the importance of the students' personal interest or curiosity in the subject.
ENGAGEMENT
Is the workshop on engine maintenance [...] or is it necessary [...] actively in the discussions?
Answer: Is the workshop on engine maintenance engaging or is it necessary to engage actively in the discussions?
Explanation: The word "engage" is used in two different ways.
First, "engaging" is used as an adjective to describe the workshop on engine maintenance. It means that the workshop is interesting, captivating, and able to hold the participants' attention. It suggests that the workshop is designed in a way that actively involves and stimulates the participants.
Second, "to engage" is used as a verb in the phrase "to engage actively in the discussions." Here, it means to actively participate or involve oneself in the discussions taking place during the workshop. It suggests that active participation is necessary to get the most out of the workshop and to fully benefit from the discussions.
So, in this sentence, "engaging" describes the quality of the workshop itself, while "to engage actively" refers to the necessary action or behavior of the participants during the discussions.
ESCITEMENT
Is it [...] to work in the engine room or is it crucial [...] about the challenges?
Answer: Is it exciting to work in the engine room or is it crucial to be excited about the challenges?
Explanation: In the given sentence, "exciting" is used as an adjective to describe the experience of working in the engine room as something filled with interest and excitement, while "to be excited" is used as an infinitive phrase to express the importance of having a state of excitement or enthusiasm towards the challenges.
REWARD
Is it [...] to be part of the motorman team or is it beneficial [...] for excellent performance?
Answer: Is it rewarding to be part of the motorman team or is it beneficial to be rewarded for excellent performance?
Explanation: In the given sentence, "rewarding" is used as an adjective to describe the experience of being part of the motorman team as something fulfilling and satisfying, while "to be rewarded" is used as an infinitive phrase to express the importance of receiving recognition or incentives for excellent performance.
FASCINATION
Is the opportunity to learn about marine engines [...] or is it essential [...] by the mechanics?
Answer: Is the opportunity to learn about marine engines fascinating or is it essential to be fascinated by the mechanics?
Explanation: In the given sentence, "fascinating" is used as an adjective to describe the opportunity to learn about marine engines as something captivating and intriguing, while "to be fascinated" is used as an infinitive phrase to emphasize the importance of having a genuine interest and curiosity in the mechanics of marine engines.
GERUND
В англійській мові герундій (Gerund) – це особлива (безособова) форма дієслова, що виражає назву дії, яка має властивості як дієслова, так і іменника. Герундій утворюється шляхом додавання до невизначеної (інфінітивної) форми дієслова закінчення – ing, і представляє в англійській мові IV форму дієслова. У ролі підмета або доповнення, герундій відповідає на питання «Що?».
ПІДКАЗКА: На відміну від інфінітива, дія виражена першим дієсловом (finishes, stopped, remember) відбувалася пізніше ніж дія виражена гурундієм (repairing, smoking, changing).
INFINITIVE
Як відомо, в англійській мові інфінітивом (Infinitive) – називається початкова (невизначена) форма дієслова, що відповідає на питання «що робити?», «що зробити?». Ознакою англійського дієслова в інфінітиві є частка to (to-Infinitive), яка в деяких випадках може бути упущена (т.зв. «оголений» інфінітив, bare Infinitive). Інфінітив вживається для вказівки мети дії, відповідаючи на питання «Для чого?», «Навіщо?».
ПІДКАЗКА: Дія виражена першим дієсловом (prefer, stopped, remember) відбувалася раніше ніж дія виражена другим дієсловом (to work, to read, to drop by).
Verb+gerund (verb+ -ing)
Example: He finishes repairing the electric wiring.
Explanation: In this sentence, "repairing" is a gerund, and it acts as the direct object of the verb "finishes." It shows the action that he completes.
Дієслово+герундій (дієслово+ -ing)
Приклад: Він закінчує ремонтувати електропроводку.
Пояснення: у цьому реченні «repairing» це герундій яки грає роль прямого додатка до дієслова «finishes». Надає інформацію про дію, яку завершує.
Verb + "to" infinitive
Example: The motormen prefer to work in teams for efficient engine maintenance.
Explanation: In this example, the verb "prefer" is followed by the infinitive form "to work." It indicates that the motormen have a preference or inclination to engage in teamwork when performing engine maintenance. The infinitive form "to work" expresses the action or activity that the motormen prefer to engage in.
Дієслово + інфінітив «to».
Приклад: Для ефективного обслуговування двигуна мотористи віддають перевагу тому, щоб працювати в командах.
Пояснення: у цьому прикладі дієслово «віддавати перевагу» супроводжується формою інфінітива «працювати». Таким чином, мотористи віддають перевагу або мають схильність до участі у командній роботі під час виконання технічного обслуговування двигуна. Інфінітивна форма «працювати» виражає дію чи діяльність, якій віддають перевагу мотористи.
In these examples, the choice between the gerund form (-ing) and the infinitive form (to + base form) depends on the verb that precedes it and the intended meaning of the sentence.
START
Are you ready [...] inspecting the engine for any issues?
Answer: Are you ready to start inspecting the engine for any issues?
Explanation: In this case, "to start" is the correct form because it follows the verb "ready" and indicates the purpose or intention of the action.
WORK
Would you prefer [...] on the electrical system or [...] the propulsion system?
Answer: Would you prefer working on the electrical system or to work on the propulsion system?
Explanation: In this case, both forms are acceptable. Using "working" emphasizes the ongoing action or preference, while using "to work" emphasizes the intention or possibility of the action.
UPGRADE
Have you considered [...] your knowledge and skills in marine engineering?
Answer: Have you considered upgrading your knowledge and skills in marine engineering?
Explanation: The gerund form "upgrading" is used here to indicate the action of upgrading, as it follows the verb "considered" and functions as the object of the verb.
CHECK
Did you remember [...] the fuel levels before departure?
Answer: Did you remember to check the fuel levels before departure?
Explanation: In this case, "to check" is the correct form because it follows the verb "remember" and indicates the intended action.
LEARN
Are you interested in [...] about the latest advancements in engine technology?
Answer: Are you interested in learning about the latest advancements in engine technology?
Explanation: The gerund form "learning" is used here to indicate the action of learning, as it follows the preposition "in" and functions as the object of the preposition.
NAVIGATE
Have you practiced [...] through rough waters during your training?
Answer: Have you practiced navigating through rough waters during your training?
Explanation: The gerund form "navigating" is used here to indicate the action of navigating, as it follows the verb "practiced" and functions as the object of the verb.
Idiomatic expressions (verb+-ing)
Example: Keep the engine running.
Explanation: This idiom means to maintain the engine in operation without stopping. It is commonly used in the context of ensuring continuous operation and readiness of the engine.
Ідіоматичні вирази (дієслово+-ing)
Приклад: Тримайте двигун працюючим.
Пояснення: Дана ідіома означає необхідність підтримувати працюючим двигун беззупинно. Зазвичай використовується коли необхідно забезпечити безперервноу роботу та готовність двигуна.
Here are some idiomatic expressions commonly used in the world of ship's motormen:
Keeping the engines running - Підтримувати роботу двигунів
Navigating through rough waters - Вирішувати складні ситуації
Steering the ship - Керувати судном
Riding the waves - Успішно працювати в складних умовах які часто змінюються
Firing up the engines - Запускати двигуни
6. Keeping things shipshape - Підтримувати порядок
7. Keeping a steady course - Держати сталий курс
8. Riding out the storm - Справлятися зі складними ситуаціями
9. Running a tight ship - Підтримувати дисципліну на борту
10. Nurturing the engines - Доглядати за двигунами
Here are examples of idiomatic expressions with '-ing'. Actively listen and take note of the examples that follow.
Keeping the engines running: Refers to maintaining the engines in operation. Example: "The motormen are responsible for keeping the engines running smoothly throughout the voyage."
Navigating through rough waters: Describes dealing with challenging or difficult situations. Example: "Experienced motormen are skilled at navigating through rough waters and adverse weather conditions."
Steering the ship: Means taking control and guiding the ship's course. Example: "The motormen work closely with the captain, steering the ship towards its destination."
Riding the waves: Refers to adapting and adjusting to changing circumstances. Example: "Motormen are accustomed to riding the waves of constant fluctuations in engine performance."
Firing up the engines: Describes starting or initiating the engines. Example: "The motormen begin their shift by firing up the engines for departure."
6. Keeping things shipshape: Means ensuring everything is organized and in good working order. Example: "Motormen take pride in keeping the engine room shipshape at all times."
7. Keeping a steady course: Describes maintaining a consistent and steady direction. Example: "Motormen play a vital role in keeping the ship on a steady course during navigation."
8. Riding out the storm: Refers to enduring and overcoming challenging or turbulent situations. Example: "During rough weather conditions, the motormen ride out the storm, ensuring the ship remains stable."
9. Running a tight ship: Means maintaining discipline and orderliness onboard the ship. Example: "Motormen contribute to running a tight ship by adhering to strict maintenance schedules."
10. Nurturing the engines: Describes taking care of the engines and ensuring their optimal performance. Example: "Motormen dedicate their expertise to nurturing the engines, extending their lifespan."
In these exercise, you need to choose the correct form (verb + '-ing' or verb + "to" infinitive) based on the idiomatic expression and the intended meaning.
KEEP
Would you prefer [...] the engine running during the maintenance procedure?
Correct answer: Would you prefer keeping the engine running during the maintenance procedure?
Explanation: In this case, "prefer" is followed by the gerund (-ing form) "keeping" because it is expressing a preference for an ongoing action or state. The motorman prefers the continuous action of keeping the engine running.
START
Are you ready [...] the engine to warm up before departure?
Correct answer: Are you ready to start the engine to warm up before departure?
Explanation: In this case, "ready" is followed by the infinitive "to start" because it indicates the purpose or intention of being prepared. The motorman is ready with the intention of starting the engine.
WAIT
Do you like or prefer [...] for repairs to be completed?
Correct answer 1: Do you like or prefer waiting for repairs to be completed?
Correct answer 2: Do you like or prefer to wait for repairs to be completed?
Explanation: Both "like" and "prefer" can be followed by either the gerund (-ing form) or the infinitive. The use of either form is acceptable here. The motorman can express their liking or preference for the ongoing action of waiting (gerund) or for the completion of repairs (infinitive).
BRING
Did the motorman remember [...] the necessary tools for the engine repair?
Correct answer: Did the motorman remember to bring the necessary tools for the engine repair?
Explanation: "Remember" is followed by the infinitive "to bring" because it indicates the action or task that the motorman had to remember. The focus is on the completion of the action of bringing the necessary tools.
FIX
Are you able [...] the electrical issue in the control panel?
Correct answer 1: Are you able to fix the electrical issue in the control panel?
Explanation: "Able" is followed by the infinitive "to fix" because it expresses the ability or capability to perform the action. The motorman is able to perform the action of fixing the electrical issue.
WORK
Would you prefer or like [...] on maintenance tasks rather than administrative duties?
Correct answer 1: Would you prefer or like to work on maintenance tasks rather than administrative duties?
Correct answer 2: Would you prefer or like working on maintenance tasks rather than administrative duties?
Explanation: Both "prefer" and "like" can be followed by either the infinitive or the gerund in this context. The use of either form is acceptable. The motorman can express their preference or liking for the action of working (gerund) or for the overall task of work (infinitive).
These idiomatic expressions are commonly used in the world of ship's motormen and reflect their unique tasks and responsibilities.
Prepositions + gerund (verb + -ing)
Example: The motormen focused on improving engine efficiency.
Explanation: In this sentence, "focused on improving" uses the preposition + gerund structure, showing what the motormen concentrated their attention on.
Прийменники + герундій (дієслово + -ing)
Приклад: Мотористи зосередилися на покращенні ефективності двигуна.
Пояснення: У цьому реченні «зосередились на вдосконаленні» вживається структура прийменник + герундій, показуючи, на чому зосередили свою увагу мотористи.
The distinction between using the gerund (-ing form) and the infinitive depends on the specific verb, preposition, or adjective being used, as well as the intended meaning and context of the sentence.
INSPECT
The motorman is responsible for [...] the engine before departure.
a) inspecting,
b) to inspect
Answer: a) inspecting
The motorman is responsible for inspecting the engine before departure.
Explanation: In this sentence, the preposition "for" is followed by the gerund (-ing form) "inspecting" because it indicates the action the motorman is responsible for.
COMPLETE
The motorman has the tools necessary [...] the engine repair.
a) to complete,
b) completing
Answer: a) to complete
The motorman has the tools necessary to complete the engine repair.
Explanation: In this sentence, the infinitive "to complete" is used after the adjective "necessary" to indicate the purpose or intended action of having the tools.
CHECK
The motorman wants [...] the control panel for any issues.
a) to check,
b) checking
Answer: a) to check
The motorman wants to check the control panel for any issues.
Explanation: In this sentence, the infinitive "to check" is used after the verb "wants" to indicate the desired action or intention of the motorman.
PERFORM
The motorman is capable of [...] complex electrical repairs.
a) performing,
b) to perform
Answer: a) performing
The motorman is capable of performing complex electrical repairs.
Explanation: In this sentence, the preposition "of" is followed by the gerund (-ing form) "performing" because it indicates the capability or ability of the motorman.
MAINTAIN
The motorman is focused on [...] the machinery regularly.
a) maintaining,
b) to maintain
Answer: a) maintaining
The motorman is focused on maintaining the machinery regularly.
Explanation: In this sentence, the preposition "on" is followed by the gerund (-ing form) "maintaining" because it indicates the focus or attention of the motorman.
HANDLE
The motorman is prepared [...] any emergency situations.
a) to handle,
b) handling
The motorman is prepared [...] any emergency situations.
Answer: a) to handle
The motorman is prepared to handle any emergency situations.
Explanation: In this sentence, the infinitive "to handle" is used after the adjective "prepared" to indicate the readiness or capability of the motorman.
Using Gerunds (verb + -ing) as Subjects
Example: Troubleshooting engine issues is their main responsibility.
Explanation: In this sentence, "Troubleshooting engine issues" acts as the subject of the sentence, where the gerund "troubleshooting" serves as the central action performed by the motormen.
Використання Герундія (дієслово + -ing) як підмета
Приклад: Усунення несправностей двигуна являється їхнім головним обов’язком.
Пояснення: У цьому реченні «Усунення несправностей двигуна» виступає як підмет речення, де герундій «усунення несправностей» являється центральною дією, яку виконують мотористи.
The usage of gerunds or infinitives as subjects depends on the specific verb and the structure of the sentence, as well as the intended meaning and context. As subjects gerunds usually sound more like normal, spoken English, whereas infinitives sound more abstract.
[...] the engines regularly is important for optimal performance.
a) Inspecting,
b) To inspect
Answer: a) Inspecting
Inspecting the engines regularly is important for optimal performance.
Explanation: In this sentence, the gerund "Inspecting" is used as the subject, indicating the action of inspecting the engines.
[...] the ship in rough seas requires skill and experience.
a) Navigating,
b) To navigate
Answer: a) Navigating
Navigating the ship in rough seas requires skill and experience.
Explanation: In this sentence, the gerund "Navigating" is used as the subject, indicating the action of navigating the ship in rough seas.
[...] the engine room clean is essential for safety.
a) Keeping,
b) To keep
Answer: a) Keeping
Keeping the engine room clean is essential for safety.
Explanation: In this sentence, the gerund "Keeping" is used as the subject, indicating the action of keeping the engine room clean.
[...] the ship's course requires precise calculations.
a) To perform,
b) Performing
Answer: a) To calculate
To perform the ship's course requires precise calculations.
Explanation: In this sentence, the infinitive "To perform" is used as the subject, indicating the purpose or action of calculating the ship's course.
[...] the engines requires specialized knowledge.
a) To maintain,
b) Maintaining
Answer: a) To maintain
To maintain the engines requires specialized knowledge.
Explanation: In this sentence, the infinitive "To maintain" is used as the subject, indicating the action or purpose of maintaining the engines.
[...] the ship's position accurately is crucial for navigation.
a) To determine,
b) Determining
Answer: a) To determine
To determine the ship's position accurately is crucial for navigation.
Explanation: In this sentence, the infinitive "To determine" is used as the subject, indicating the action or purpose of determining the ship's position.
Listen to the dialog. Create a short dialogue of your own using verbs in both the '-ing' and 'to' infinitive forms, use the keywords and phrases from the warm-up activity.
Motorman: Are you ready to start inspecting the engine for any leaks?
Engineer: Yes, I am. I'll begin by checking the fuel lines for any signs of leakage.
Motorman: Great, while you're doing that, I'll continue adjusting the settings for optimal performance.
Engineer: That sounds good. Once we finish with the inspections and adjustments, we can start up the engine and monitor its performance.
Motorman: Exactly. We need to keep an eye on the temperature and ensure everything is running smoothly.
Engineer: Agreed. Let's also make sure to maintain a steady course and navigate through rough waters if necessary.
Motorman: Absolutely. Safety is our priority, and we should be prepared for any challenges that may arise.
Engineer: I couldn't agree more. By working together and nurturing the engines, we can ensure a successful voyage.
Motorman: Чи готові до перевірки двигуна щоб переконатися що нема протіканнь?
Інженер: Так. Почну з перевірки топливопроводів щоб переконатися що нема ніяких ознак протікання.
Motorman: Чудово, а тим часом, я налаштую оптимальний режим.
Інженер: Згода. Після завершення перевірок і налаштувань ми перейдемо до запуска двигуна і простежимо його роботу.
Машиніст: Дійсно. Нам потрібно звернути увагу на те як змінюється температура, і що все працює в нормі.
Інженер: Згода. Пересвідчимося, чи не збились з курсу, також потрібно бути готовими до складних ситуацій, якщо знадобиться.
Машиніст: Саме так. Безпека понад усе, і ми повинні бути готовими до будь-яких складних ситуацій, адже все можливо.
Інженер: Не можу не погодитися. Співпраця та догляд за двигунами можуть забезпечити успішне плавання.
Motorman: Are you ready [...] (start) inspecting the engine for any leaks?
Answer: to start
Are you ready to start inspecting the engine for any leaks?
Explanation: We use "to start" followed by the infinitive "inspecting" because "to start" indicates the beginning of an action or activity. The phrase "to start" expresses the intention or readiness to initiate the action of inspecting.
Engineer: Yes, I am. I'll begin by checking the fuel lines for any signs of [...] (leak).
Answer: leakage
Yes, I am. I'll begin by checking the fuel lines for any signs of leakage.
Explanation: The word "leakage" is used instead of "leaking" because "leakage" is the noun form that refers to the result or outcome of something leaking.
Motorman: Great, while you're doing that, I'll continue [...] (adjust) the settings for optimal performance.
Answer: adjusting
Great, while you're doing that, I'll continue adjusting the settings for optimal performance.
Explanation: We use "adjusting" as a present participle verb form to indicate an ongoing action or activity that is happening at the same time as another action.
The phrase "I'll continue adjusting" implies that the speaker was already engaged in the activity of adjusting the settings before and will continue to do so in the future. It suggests a continuous or ongoing action.
Engineer: That sounds good. Once we finish with the inspections and adjustments, we can [...] (start up) the engine and monitor its performance.
Answer: start up
That sounds good. Once we finish with the inspections and adjustments, we can start up the engine and monitor its performance.
Explanation: Using the bare infinitive after a modal verb is a common grammatical pattern. In this case, "can start up" would indicate the ability or possibility to initiate the engine's startup process.
On the other hand, "start up" can also function as a phrasal verb, which is a combination of a verb and a particle that together convey a specific meaning. "Start up" as a phrasal verb implies the action of initiating or beginning the operation of something, such as starting a machine or engine.
In the given sentence, both interpretations are possible, depending on the context and intended meaning. If the focus is on the ability or permission to start the engine, using the bare infinitive after "can" is appropriate. If the emphasis is on the specific action of initiating the engine's operation, treating "start up" as a phrasal verb would be more suitable.
Motorman: Exactly. We need to keep an eye on the temperature and ensure everything is [...] (run) smoothly.
Answer: running
Explanation: In the sentence, "running" is used as the present participle of the verb "run." It is used to describe the ongoing action or state of the engine operating smoothly.
The phrase "ensure everything is running smoothly" means to make sure that all components of the engine are functioning properly and there are no issues or disruptions in its operation. The use of the present participle "running" emphasizes the continuous and ongoing nature of the smooth operation of the engine.
Engineer: Agreed. Let's also make sure to maintain a steady course and [...] (navigate) through rough waters if necessary.
Answer: navigate
Agreed. Let's also make sure to maintain a steady course and [...] (navigate) through rough waters if necessary.
Explanation: The phrase "to maintain" is used because it follows the verb "make sure." The phrase "to navigate" can be understood to apply to both actions, and the repetition of "to" before each verb is not necessary for clarity.
Motorman: Absolutely. Safety is our priority, and we should be prepared for any challenges that [...] (arise).
Answer: arise
Absolutely. Safety is our priority, and we should be prepared for any challenges that arise.
Explanation: In this sentence the verb "arise" is used in its base form without the particle "to" or the "-ing" form. This is because "arise" is the main verb in the sentence and functions as a bare infinitive. It is used to express the general concept of challenges occurring or coming up in the future.
Engineer: I couldn't agree more. By working together and [...] (nurture) the engines, we can ensure a successful voyage.
Answer: nurturing
I couldn't agree more. By working together and nurturing the engines, we can ensure a successful voyage.
Explanation: In this sentence the word "nurturing" is used as a present participle. It is used to describe the ongoing action of taking care of or fostering the engines. In this context, "nurturing the engines" means providing the necessary attention, maintenance, and support to ensure their optimal performance and longevity. The present participle form "nurturing" is used to emphasize that the action of nurturing is continuous and ongoing.
In today's lesson, we discussed the difference between verb + '-ing' and verb + 'to' infinitive forms.
The verb + '-ing' form is used when the verb functions as a noun or part of a continuous verb tense. For example, "I enjoy swimming in the ocean." Here, 'swimming' is a gerund, acting as the object of the verb 'enjoy'.
On the other hand, the verb + 'to' infinitive form is used when the verb is preceded by 'to' and functions as an infinitive. For example, "I want to swim in the ocean." Here, 'to swim' is an infinitive, expressing purpose or intention.
It's important to note that some verbs can be followed by either the '-ing' form or the 'to' infinitive form, but with different meanings. For example, "I remember swimming in the ocean" means recalling a past action, while "I remember to swim in the ocean" means not forgetting to do something in the future.
In summary, the '-ing' form is used as a noun or in continuous verb tenses, while the 'to' infinitive form is used to express purpose or intention. Understanding the difference between these forms is crucial for constructing accurate and meaningful sentences.
На сьогоднішньому уроці ми обговорили різницю між формами дієсловo + '-ing' і дієслово + 'to'.
Форма дієсловo + '-ing' вживається, коли дієслово функціонує як іменник або частина тривалого часу дієслова. Наприклад, «Мені подобається купатися в океані». Тут «плавання» є герундієм, що діє як об’єкт дієслова «насолоджуватися».
З іншого боку, дієслово + 'to' інфінітивна форма використовується, коли дієслову передує 'to' і функціонує як інфінітив. Наприклад, «Я хочу поплавати в океані». Тут «пливти» — це інфінітив, який виражає мету чи намір.
Важливо зауважити, що після деяких дієслів може стояти або форма «-ing», або форма інфінітива «to», але з різними значеннями. Наприклад, «Я пам'ятаю, як плавав в океані» означає пригадати минулу дію, тоді як «Я пам'ятаю, як плавав в океані» означає не забувати робити щось у майбутньому.
Підсумовуючи, форма «-ing» використовується як іменник або в безперервних часах дієслова, тоді як форма інфінітива «to» використовується для вираження мети чи наміру. Розуміння різниці між цими формами має вирішальне значення для побудови точних і осмислених речень.
Congratulations on completing the "Motormen Mastery: Exploring Verb Forms" lesson! You have successfully navigated through the intricacies of verb + ’-ing’ and verb + ’to’ infinitive, gaining valuable insights into their appropriate usage. By mastering these forms, you are now equipped to communicate more effectively as a motorman and ensure optimal performance in your profession. Remember, practice makes perfect, so continue nurturing your language skills to excel in your career. Wishing you smooth sailing and safe journeys ahead!